1. 6. Second Language Listening comprehension: Process and Pedagogy
지수연
박지수

2. Index
Figure 1. Cognitive processes in L2 listening and their interrelationships.
Listening skills and strategies
Table 1. One-way listening tasks
Table 2. Two-way listening tasks
Figure 3. A metacognitive pedagogical sequence for listening

3. Cognitive processes in L2 listening and their interrelationships
Metacognition
Representation of speech in memory
UTILIZATION
Parsed speech
PARSING
Phonetic representation
Phonetic representation
PERCEPTION
Speech
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing

4. Listening skills
1. Listen for details. -Identify specific information that is relevant to the listening goal. 2. Listen selectively. -Pay attention to particular parts of the listening text and ignore others.

5. Listening skills
3. Listen for global understanding. -Understand the overall general idea 4. Listen for main idea. -Understand the key points or propositions in a text

6. Listening skills
5. Listen and infer. -Make up for information that is missing, unclear, or ambiguous in the listening text. 6. Listen and predict. -Anticipate what is going to be said before or during listening by using clues

7. Listening strategies
1. Planning 2. Focusing attention 3. Monitoring 4. Evaluation 5. Inferencing 6. Elaboration

8. Listening strategies
7. Prediction 8. Contextualization 9. Reorfanizing 10. Using linguistic and learning resources 11. Cooperation 12. Managing emotions

9. Table 1. One- way Listening Tasks
skills
Product
materials
Listen and restore
-Listening for global understanding
-listening for details
An amended text in print
Different types of listening texts,such as narratives and information
Listen and sort
-Listening for main idea
A rearranged sequence of text or pictures
A text that describes a sequence, a procedure, a chronological event, or items in ranked order
Listen and combine

10. Table 1. One- way Listening Tasks
skills
Product
materials
Listen and compare
-Listening for main idea
-Listening for details
A list of similarities and differences
Several short texts that have a common theme or topic
Listen and match
-Listening for global understanding
Texts matched to themes
Several short texts that have different themes ;theme cards.
Note ; Teachers should prepare more theme cards than the number of texts.
Listen and combine

11. Table 1. One- way Listening Tasks
skills
Product
materials
Listen and combine
-Listening for main idea,
-Listening selectively
A combined summary
A fairly long text divided into several parts
Listen and compose
-Listening and predicting,
-Listening and making inferences
The beginning or conclusion of a text
A narrative text with either the beginning or the end missing
Listen and combine

12. Table 1. One- way Listening Tasks
skills
Product
materials
Listen and evaluate
-Listening for details,
-Listening for main idea,
-Listening and making inferences
A list of items based on their relative merits
Several short texts on a common theme or topic
Listen and reconstruct
-Listening for global understanding
-Listening for main ideas
-Listening for details
A text that is reconstructed based on the content of the original text
A short text
ex. An information reports, procedures
Listen and combine

13. Table 2. Two–way Listening tasks
skills
Product
materials
Dictate and complete
-Listening for details,
-Listening selectively
A restored and complete text
Different types of listening texts(narratives and information reports)
Describe and draw
-Listening for main ideas
-Listening for details
Pictures, maps, sketches, and objects
Pictures of scenery and objects, plans, and maps

14. Table 2. Two–way Listening tasks
skills
Product
materials
Simulate and discuss
-Listening for main idea
-Listening for details
-Listening and inferring
-Listening and predicting
Views and recommendations
Cards with scenarios for simulations, roles or statements of a problem and an issue and the required outcome, such as a set of recommendations

15. Table 2. Two–way Listening tasks
skills
Product
materials
Take notes and clarify
-Listening for global understanding
-Listening for main ideas
-Listening for details
-Listening and making inferences
A set of notes ; a list of questions for clarifying understanding of the content
Presentations by students or quest speakers

16. Figure 3. A metacognitive pedagogical sequence for listening
1. Pre-listening
-planning and predicting
2. First listening
-Monitoring, evaluation, and planning
-First verification
3. Second listen
-Monitoring, evaluation, and problem solving
-second verification

17. Figure 3. A metacognitive pedagogical sequence for listening
4. Third listen
-Monitoring and problem solving
-Third verification
5. Evaluation & planning
-Reflection
-Goal-setting

18. Q & A What do you think of the most important listening skills?
What is the difference between one way listening tasks and two way listening tasks?