1. On your show me board, write down as much as you can about batteries
Lesson Starter
On your show me board, write down as much as you can about batteries

2. Learning Intention
To be able to explain what a battery is and what it is made of
To explain why a battery goes flat
To investigate the relationship between the number of CELLS and the VOLTAGE

3. What is electricity?
The movement of charged particles from one place to another
Electric current
Eg Lightening, short
Washing machines, tvs- longer
Batteries- potential

4. What is a battery? Portable power pack- limited energy
Basic unit= cell. 2 metals separated by electrolyte
Battery= 2 or more cells
Converts chemicals inside into electricity

5. How do batteries work? Connect to a CIRCUIT
Chemical reaction- metals inside lose electrons
Electricity produced by difference in ability to lose
Electrons flow- power what is connected

6. Batteries go flat One of the metals will be used up- battery goes flat
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES- reverse chemical reaction by passing electricity through it

7. Measuring electricity: investigation
Use a meter to read the amount of electricity being produced
What effect does the number of CELLS used have on the reading?

8. Note to copy
A chemical cell is made up of 2 different metals separated by an electrolyte which completes the circuit; a battery contains 2 or more chemical cells.
Electricity is the movement of charged particles. It is produced by a chemical reaction as a result of the differing abilities of the 2 metals involved to lose electrons.
When one or more of the metals gets used up, the battery is said to be flat.

9. Homework
Research task Find out WHO created the first battery and the name given to it. Find out as much information as you can about his work.

10. Lesson Starter
Explain the difference between a battery and a chemical cell
Explain why a battery goes flat

11. True or False

12. Learning Intention
To show that a battery can be made from different metals and a lemon
To investigate which fruit produces the highest voltage

13. Group Investigation
Work together to find out which fruit produces the highest voltage.
Set up the apparatus as shown, replace the fruit and fill out the table.
Make sure to wipe the elcetrodes each time.

14. The fruit which generated the highest voltage was the ________.

15. Voltage Number of _________
As we increase the number of _______, the voltage ________.

16. Conclusion
Batteries can be made from any 2 metals separated by an electrolyte. We can use different fruits and vegetables to make a battery as the juices allow the charged particles to flow thus completing the circuit.

17. Write down a list of all the times you have used electricity TODAY.
Lesson Starter
Write down a list of all the times you have used electricity TODAY.

18. Electricity: copy
Electricity is an essential part of every day life; it is used to light our homes, power our Tvs and charge our phones.
For these things to happen- electric circuits are used.

19. Learning Intention
To be able to draw simple circuit diagrams using the correct symbols
To be able to use circuit diagrams to build a circuit.

20. Circuits Electricity flows round a circuit
What happens to the train when a bit of the track was missing?

21. Circuits
Electricity can flow from a POWER SOURCE through a complete electric circuit to power a device that is attached to it.
It is essential that the circuit is complete.
If the circuit is missing a bit then the flow of electricity will stop and the device will not work.

22. Circuits Circuits can include a number of different components
It takes too much time to draw so we use symbols.

23. Battery The battery is the source of power.
Electricity flows from the battery to power the circuit.

24. Bulb

25. Buzzer

26. Resistor

27. Motor

28. Ammeter

29. Voltmeter

30. Wires

31. Using the show me boards, draw a circuit where a bulb will light up
Activity
Using the show me boards, draw a circuit where a bulb will light up

32. Activity
Using the show me boards, draw a circuit which will make a sound when complete

33. Using the show me boards, draw a circuit where the motor will move.
Activity
Using the show me boards, draw a circuit where the motor will move.

34. Switches
We know that for a device to work, electricity has to go round an entire circuit. We can use a switch to control that flow of electricity.

35. Switch

36. How do switches work in a circuit?
Think, Pair, Share
How do switches work in a circuit?

37. Switches
When the switch is turned on, the circuit is complete and the electricity can flow to power the device attached.
When the switch is off- the circuit is not complete.

38. Circuit 1
A battery connected by a wire to a bulb which is connected by another wire back to the battery

39. Circuit 2
A battery connected by a wire to a switch which is connected by another wire to a buzzer which is connected back to the battery by another wire.

40. Circuit 3
A battery connected by a wire to a switch which is connected to a motor (by a wire). The motor is connected to the battery (by another wire).

41. Read the information on page 64 and answer the questions
Textbook
Read the information on page 64 and answer the questions

42. Pick 5 symbols- first to have their 5 shouted wins
Bingo
Pick 5 symbols- first to have their 5 shouted wins

43. Lesson Starter 1. Without using your notes, draw the symbol for:
a) a battery
b) a bulb
c) a switch
2. Draw a circuit which contains a motor controlled by a switch.

44. Learning Intention To be able to: Build series circuits
Draw series circuit diagrams using the correct symbols
Explain what happens when more batteries/bulbs are added to a series circuit

45. Collect
2 battery
3 bulbs
6 wires

46. Challenge Make a circuit which has 1 bulb
Add another bulb- what do you notice about the brightness?
Add a third bulb- what do you see?

47. Why do you think the bulbs appear to be duller the more you add?
Think, Pair, Share
Why do you think the bulbs appear to be duller the more you add?

48. Why did the bulbs get duller?
Electricity is split
Not as much electricity
SERIES

49. Series circuits
What is a TV series?

50. Series circuits: copy
In a series circuit all the components in the circuit appear one after the other in a single loop.
The electric current passes through every one of the components.
If you put more bulbs into a series circuit, the bulbs will be dimmer than before.

51. Why do you think this has happened?
Unscrew a bulb
Unscrew one of the bulbs in your circuit- what do you notice?
Why do you think this has happened?

52. Series circuits: copy
In a series circuit, when one component is broken; the circuit is incomplete so the rest of the components will stop working.

53. Examples of a series circuit
Christmas tree lights are an example of series circuits- when one bulb runs out- the full string would stop lighting up.

54. Textbook work
Read the information and answer the questions IN SENTENCES in your jotter Purple starting science book, page 64

55. Challenge 4
It is possible to light two bulbs brightly using 4 wires; can you work out how to do this?

56. Lesson Starter Describe a series circuit
When you add more bulbs to a series circuit, what happened? Why?
When one component of a series circuit breaks- what happens to the other? Why?

57. Learning Intention To be able to construct parallel circuits
To be able to explain what happens when a bulb is removed
To discuss the advantages of parallel circuits

58. Challenge
It is possible to light two bulbs brightly using 4 wires; can you work out how to do this?

59. Parallel Circuits
In parallel circuits different components are connected on different branches of wire.

60. What does the “branched wiring” do to the path of electricity ?

61. Task: parallel circuits
Build this circuit:
Add another bulb by
adding 2 extra wires:
Before we build the circuit- what do you think will happen to the brightness of the bulb?
What did happen to the brightness of the bulb?

62. Parallel circuits: copy
Unlike in a series circuit, a parallel circuit has more than one path for electricity to travel along because of the “branching” of the wires.

63. Parallel circuits:copy
Each component of a parallel circuit is receiving its own supply of power and so bulbs connected in a parallel circuit will have the same brightness.

64. Task: parallel circuits
Using the same circuit you built up: unscrew one of the bulbs.
What do you think will happen?
What did happen?

65. Parallel circuits:copy
In a parallel circuit, if a component is disconnected or breaks, the components on different branches keep working because they have their own supply of power

66. On paper design a circuit where you can switch each bulb on separately
Design Challenge
You will need two batteries, two bulbs and a switch
I challenge you to build a PARALLEL circuit where you can switch both bulbs on or off together
Extension
On paper design a circuit where you can switch each bulb on separately

67. Close your eyes and vote..
Lighting at home
Stand up- series circuit
sit on the floor- parallel circuit

68. Close your eyes and vote..
Christmas tree lights
Stand up- series circuit
sit on the floor- parallel circuit

69. Close your eyes and vote..
Street lights
Stand up- series circuit
sit on the floor- parallel circuit

70. Exit Task
Answer in your jotters.. What are the advantages of using parallel circuits compared to series circuits?

71. Lesson Starter
Write down the differences between a series circuit and a parallel circuit

72. Learning Intention To understand what Electric Current is
To explain how to measure current
To connect an ammeter correctly in a circuit
To find out the relationship between brightness of a bulb and current

73. What is electric current?
Electrons move around the circuit when given energy from a power supply
This movement is called the ELECTRIC CURRENT

74. Electric Current
Electrons carry electrical energy around circuit

75. Electric current: Copy
Electric current is the flow of charged electrons around a circuit.

76. Measuring electric current
An AMMETER is used to measure electric current which is measured in AMPS
What is the symbol for an AMMETER?

77. Measuring electric current: copy
An AMMETER is used to measure electric current which is measured in AMPS
The symbol for an ammeter is

78. Current
Ammeter in SERIES to measure current going through component.

79. Task 1- series circuits
Set up the following circuit and measure the current:
a) before the bulbs
b) in between the bulbs
c) after the bulbs
*THINK*
What do you notice at each stage?

80. Task 2 What happens to the current if you add more bulbs in series?
What happens to the current if you add more batteries in series?

81. What did you notice about the current in the series circuit?

82. Current: copy
The current in a series circuit is the same at all points in the circuit.
When more bulbs are added in series, the current DECREASES and the bulbs gets DIMMER.
When more batteries are added in series, the current increases and the bulbs get brighter.

83. Task 3- parallel circuits
Set up the following circuit and measure the current:
a) the battery
b) bulb 1
c) bulb 2
*THINK*
What do you notice at each stage?

84. What did you notice about the current in the PARALLEL circuit?

85. Current: copy
The currents in the branches of a parallel circuit add up to the current from the source.

86. Plenary
Using the correct symbols, draw a series circuit with 2 bulbs, 2 batteries and an ammeter. Explain how the current in the bulbs would compare

87. Lesson Starter
How does the current compare in a series circuit to a parallel circuit?

88. Learning Intention To learn what voltage is and how to measure it
To build circuits including voltmeters
To add more batteries to the circuit and explain what you see

89. Current
Current is flow of electrons
Doesn’t flow on its own- push

90. What is voltage? A measure of energy carried by the charge.
The energy is supplied by the battery/ mains (Push)
Measured by volt meter
Volts

92. Voltage is THE SAME across all branches of parallel circuits
Voltage:parallel
Voltage is THE SAME across all branches of parallel circuits

94. Voltage: series
The voltage of each component of the circuit add up to the supply of voltage.

95. Task 3
What happens to the brightness of the bulbs and the voltage when you add in more batteries?

96. More batteries give a higher voltage

97. Note to copy
The voltage is a measure of the energy carried by the charge. It is supplied by a battery or mains electricity.
It is measured using a volt meter and is measured in volts (V).
The voltage is the same across all branches of a parallel circuit.
In series circuits the voltage of each component adds up the supply of voltage.
Adding more batteries makes the bulbs shine brighter; the more batteries, the bigger the voltage.

98. What is the difference between current and the voltage?
Lesson Starter
What is the difference between current and the voltage?

99. Learning Intention
To investigate the effect of different metals on voltage
To learn about the electrochemical series

100. Instructions
Collect 2 wires, 2 crocodile clips, a multimeter, electrolyte and beaker with metals
Pick two metals and write them in your table
Connect the croc clips to the metals and measure the voltage- note down in your table

101. Experiment
Metal Pair
Voltage/V

102. Which combination of metals gave the biggest voltage
Which combination of metals gave the biggest voltage? Which combination gave the smallest voltage?

103. The electrochemical series
League table- how easy they lose electrons (how reactive they are)
Voltage produced depends on how far apart the metals are on the ECS
Further apart- bigger voltage

104. Make a Mneumonic Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Platinum

105. You have to remember all of these – in order!
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Platinum
People
Scream
Loudly
Cause
Massive
Angry
Zombies In
Their
Loft
Have
Caused
Many
Smashed
Gold
Plates
You have to remember all of these – in order!

106. Homework
Learn the order of the metals in the electrochemical series; I’ll be checking tomorrow 

107. Lesson Starter
When you catch the ball you have to say the next metal in the electrochemical series.. Get it wrong and you’re out!

108. Learning Intention
To write a lab report

109. Aim What were we trying to find out? To find out the effect of……
To find out how voltage is affected by using different metal combinations

110. Method
Apparatus list - write down a list of all the equipment and chemicals that you used
Instructions- Write down step by step instructions so that someone could follow them and repeat your experiment
Diagram- draw a labelled diagram using a ruler to show how the experiment is set up

111. Results

112. Conclusion
Which 2 metals created the smallest voltage- why? Which 2 metals created the largest voltage- why?

113. What two metals gave the biggest voltage- why was this?
Lesson Starter
What two metals gave the biggest voltage- why was this?

114. Experiment
Aim To find out the effect of increasing concentration of the electrolyte on the size of voltage

115. Method
Collect a beaker, 2 electrodes, different concentrations of electrolyte, 2 wires, multi-meter
Test voltage produced with each electrolyte- make sure to rinse beaker in between and record results
Put equipment away

116. Concentration of electrolyte
Results
Concentration of electrolyte
Voltage(V)

117. Conclusion
What effect has the increase in concentration had on the voltage?

118. Draw a line graph of your results
Extension Task
Draw a line graph of your results

119. Concentration of Electrolyte (%)
Lesson Starter
On the graph paper provided, draw a line graph to show the following results
Concentration of Electrolyte (%)
Voltage (volts)
10%
122
30%
136
40%
147
50%
149
90%
169

120. Learning Intention To learn about resistance
To find out if the length of wire effects resistance

121. What does RESISTANCE mean?
Think, pair, share..
Think (20 seconds in silence)
Pair (20 seconds each talking with partner)
Share (share ideas with the rest of the class)
What does RESISTANCE mean?

122. All parts of circuit try STOP electrons
Resist flow of electrons
RESISTANCE
More difficult to get through = more resistance (vice versa)
Resistance increases-current decreases
Ohmeter
Ohms (Ω)
Affected by length, thickness, type of wire

123. What is resistance? (copy)
The wires and the other components in a circuit reduces the flow of charge (current) through them. This is called resistance.
Resistance is measured in OHMS (Ω) using an ohmmeter.
Resistance can be affected by the length, thickness and type of wire.
As resistance increases, the current of the circuit will decrease.

124. Task To find out the effect of length of wire on resistance
Follow instructions on handout to carry out the investigation

125. Aim
To find out the effect of the length of the wire on the resistance in a circuit.
Hypothesis
What do you think the effect will be?
“I think that…”

126. Method
Apparatus list- Write down a list of everything you used Step by step instructions- Write down a set of instructions that someone else can follow to copy the experiment Diagram- Draw a diagram of how the experiment is set up

127. Results Copy your results table and cut and stick your graph
Length of wire (cm)
Resistance (ohms) 10
0.1 20
0.2 30
0.3 40
0.35 50
0.4 60
0.5 70
0.55 80
0.65

128. Conclusion
From your results, does the length of the wire affect resistance?
What is your proof?
Does this agree with your hypothesis?

129. Describe the relationship between RESISTANCE and LENGTH OF WIRE.
Lesson Starter
Describe the relationship between RESISTANCE and LENGTH OF WIRE.

130. Learning Intention
To carry out an investigation and find out which wire is the best conductor.

131. Hello young scientists. Here is my challenge for you
Hello young scientists! Here is my challenge for you. I own a large electronic company. I use thick and thin copper wires in all my products. As far as I know copper wire is the best conductor of electricity. I have been told that a new metal wire called Nichrome is a much better conductor. I want you to carry out an investigation to advise me!

132. The best conductor will have the highest current
Your investigation should include:
A circuit design
Results presented in a table or graph
A conclusion in the form of a letter AND a presentation
You can use:
1 electric cell
1 lamp
1 ammeter
4 wire leads
The wires under test
*Hint*
The best conductor will have the highest current

133. Results Type of Wire Current Thick Nichrome Thick copper
Thin Constantine
Thin Nichrome
Thin copper

134. Letter (individual)
Write a letter to Sir Alan Sugar with a brief outline of your findings and requesting a meeting so you can give a detailed pitch of your findings. Write your letter as if you were in English. Spelling, grammar and presentation are all important.

135. Presentation Pitch (group work)
Create a poster which you will then present to Sir Alan sugar himself.
Your poster should:
Have lots of information regarding the work you have carried out
Be bright and eye catching
Have evidence of work from EVERY group member
Come to a clear conclusion

136. Write down a list of the parts of a CAR that require a circuit.
Lesson Starter
Write down a list of the parts of a CAR that require a circuit.

137. To apply your knowledge and build circuits for inside a car
Learning Intention
To apply your knowledge and build circuits for inside a car

138. How could the car's headlights be connected?
For safety reasons, we have to make sure that if one light goes out- the other stays on.
Challenge 1
Build a circuit with 2 bulbs where if one is disconnected- the other doesn't go off.
1) Make the circuit
2) Draw the circuit on paper using the correct symbols.
3) Discuss with those in your group, where else this sort of circuit could be used

140. We need a circuit for the 2 reading lights in the back seat.
They should switch on and off separately.
Challenge 2
Construct a circuit with 2 bulbs- each of which can be switched on and off separately from each other.
1) Build the circuit
2) Draw the circuit on paper using the correct symbols

142. We want to make sure the car lights aren't left on by mistake
We need a master switch- when the car's ignition is turned off- both lights will go out.
Challenge 3
Construct a circuit with 2 bulbs where each bulb can be switched off without affecting the other. Include a master switch so that the bulbs will only work when the master switch is on.
1) build the circuit
2) draw the circuit

144. For the interior light- the bulb should be switched on by either opening the driver or passenger door.
Challenge 4
Construct a circuit with one bulb operated by two switches- the bulb must come on when either switch is switched on.
1) build the circuit
2) draw the circuit

146. Tweet your answers #CarCircuits
On a post it, give an example of a circuit used in a car. Draw the circuit using the correct symbols and explain its use.