1. The counter-reformation
2nd YR

2. What was the counter-reformation?
How the Catholic Church fought back..
..to stop the spread of Protestantism
‘counter’ means ‘against’
many people were disillusioned with C. Church
many people were also deciding to leave the CC
the Catholic Church wanted to stop this

3. Intro The Counter-Reformation was based on 3 things Council of Trent
Inquisition
The foundation of the Jesuits

4. Aims of counter-reformation
With these 3 things the Catholic Church
Hope to stop the spread the spread of Protestantism
And to sort out the probs in the church itself

5. Council of Trent In 1534 Pope Paul III elected
Knew the Church needed to be reformed
Organised 3 meetings of cardinals and bishops
Met in Trent in Northern italy

6. Their Aim? To tackle the abuses in the Church
To define and clarify the Church’s beliefs

7. Reformer Other popes had avoided reform
Becoz they were afraid it would reduce their power
And also stop their own abuses
Now Paul III wanted to sort out the Church
A number of important decisions were made

8. Decisions made on discipline
SNAP were ended
Sale of indulgences were controlled
Priests must be properly trained
Bishops must ensure priests are living holy lives

9. Decisions made on Church Doctrine
Doctrine means the beliefs of the Church
Decided that both good works and faith were needed
Beliefs come from both tradition and the bible
A list of forbidden books was drawn up
How did these beliefs differ to Luther?

10. Results These decisions brought discipline and unity
What Catholics were supposed to believe..
..was now clearly stated
The Catholic Church was strengthened
Made the Church stronger to fight Protestants
But did it bring Protestants back to Catholicism? No

11. Society of Jesus Many new religious orders were set up
The Jesuits were the most important
Pope Paul III approved the order in 1540

12. Ignatius Loyola Born in 1491 in Spain An ex-soldier Badly wounded
Decided to devote his life to God
Formed the Jesuits

13. Structure of jesuits He modelled the Jesuits on an army
He was called the Superior General
Members were totally loyal to him
Wrote a book called Spiritual Exercises
This guided the Jesuits
Soon, over 1,000 members

14. Importance of jesuits Missionary work
Priests sent out to diff countries
..to convert people to Catholicism
this happened in Asia
famous missionary = St Francis Xavier
other missionaries tried to convert Protestants
..back to the old faith

15. Importance of Jesuits (2)
Education
Set up many schools
Became famous for great education
Taught children of powerful people
Instilled Catholic beliefs in them

16. Inquisition This was a special religious court
It put heretics in trial
Heretics – anyone who held beliefs..
..diff to the Catholic Church
Court was v active in Spain and italy
It persecuted Protestants

17. How the inquisition worked
People on trial were not told of their crimes
Often tortured
Forced to confess

18. Punishment A person found ‘guilty’ could be..
Fined, flogged, imprisoned,..
Or burnt at the stake
The religious ceremony where heretics were punished..
..was called auto-de-fe (act of faith)
for less serious ‘crimes’ a person was forced to wear..
..a special cloak called ‘san benito’

19. Results Inquisition tortured and killed many Protestants
But did it actually change Protestant’s beliefs?
Could some1 tortured into confessing..
Really become a loyal Catholic again in their heart?
Protestant religion stayed strong
Inquisition achieved little other than terror.