1. Protestant Reformation

2. In the early 1500’s, the Catholic church had fallen into the practice of selling indulgences or
Pardons from punishment for committing a sin
Allowed the sinner to enter Heaven
Buy a pardon for an ancestor so they can go to heaven
This practice brought in a great deal of revenue for the church

3. The Pope was using money from the sale of indulgences to construct St
The Pope was using money from the sale of indulgences to construct St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

4. Martin Luther
Renaissance values of Humanism and secularism stimulated criticism of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther—German monk
Almost struck by lightening in 1505—prayed for protection & promised to become a monk
Desperately wanted salvation (went to confession for hours)

5. Martin Luther
1515—his personal conversion where he realized “Justification by Faith” = Bible said that a person could be made just (good) by faith

6. Martin Luther
Luther believed that each individual must read and understand the Bible for himself to achieve this faith.

7. Protestant Reformation
Luther preached against indulgences and other corrupt church practices
October 31, 1517—Luther nailed his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Church (criticizing the corrupt church policies
Copies of 95 Theses spread through
Germany
His theses challenged the Pope’s right to sell indulgences.
1521—Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther
At the Diet of Worms– Luther was banned
as an outlaw.

8. 95 Theses

9. Catholicism Lutheranism Salvation by faith Salvation by faith & works
Bible as only truth and guide
Services held in lang. of people (vernacular)
Preach biblical principles not rituals
Clergy can marry
No monasticism
Catholicism
Salvation by faith & works
Bible & church’s teachings are important spiritual guides
Services held in Latin
Preach rituals
Clergy can not marry
Monasticism

10. Luther was able to obtain protection from several German princes and persuaded them against sending money to the pope in Italy.

11. Martin Luther responded to the Pope’s condemnation by establishing the Lutheran Church.
The reformers became know as Protestants.
Gutenburg's printing press helped Luther and his follower to spread their ideas throughout Europe.

12. Christianity Protestant Eastern Orthodox Catholic Greek Orthodox
Russian Orthodox
Protestant
Lutheran
Anglican
Calvinism
Presbyterian

13. Later Reformers followed Luther’s lead.
John Calvin started a new Protestant Church in Geneva.

14. Effects of the Reformation
End of Religious Unity
Growth of royal Power
Persecution of religious minorities (rulers wanted their subjects to be all one faith)

15. Catholic Counter Reformation
The Catholic Church reacted to Protestantism by making limited reforms and curbing earlier abuses.
Council of Trent —redefined Catholic beliefs and ended the sale of indulgences
Banned Protestant Books
Established the Inquisition—court whose purpose was to punish heretics (those who denied Church teachings. / torture)

16. The Jesuits, began by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, were dedicated to defending and spreading the Catholic faith.

17. Catholic Nations —France , Italy, Spain and Southern Germany
Protestant —Northern Germany, Holland, Scandinavia and England