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Support, Movement, and Response
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The Skin Your skin is the __________ organ of your body
Much of the ______________ you receive about your ______________ comes through your skin You can think of your skin as your largest ________ organ Skin is made up of _________ layers and each layer is made of different _______ types ____________-the _________ and thinnest layer, that constantly produces new cells to __________ the dead cells that are rubbed off its surface largest information environment sense three cell Epidermis outer replace
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The Skin __________-skin layer __________ the epidermis that is thicker and contains blood vessels, __________, oil and sweat glands, and other structures Below the dermis is a ________ region that ___________ the body __________-a ___________ produced in the epidermis that protects your skin and gives it ________ Different amounts of melanin produced results in different skin _________ Dermis below nerves fatty insulates Melanin pigment color colors
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The Skin Skin carries out several major functions including protection, sensory information, formation of vitamin ____, regulation of body _______________, and ridding the body of wastes The skin forms a _____________ covering over the body that prevents ___________ and chemical injury Some bacteria and other disease-causing ____________ cannot pass through skin as long as it is _____________ Skin also slows _________ loss from body tissue D temperature protective physical organisms unbroken water
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The Skin Specialized _________ cells in the skin detect and relay information to the ________ Small amounts of vitamin D are produced in the presence of ____________ light from a _________ molecule in the epidermis Vitamin D is essential for food health because it helps your body absorb __________ into your _________ from food in your digestive track nerve brain ultraviolet fatlike calcium blood
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The Skin Humans can withstand a ___________ range of body temperatures
Your skin plays an _____________ role in _____________ your body temperature _________ vessels in the skin can help release or ________ heat If the blood vessels expand, or _________, blood flow increases and heat is ___________ limited important regulating Blood hold dilate released
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The Skin In contrast, _______ heat is released when the blood vessels ____________ An adult human’s dermis has about 3 __________ sweat glands that help regulate the body’s temperature and excrete _________ When blood vessels _________, pores open in the skin that lead to sweat glands Perspiration, or sweat, moves out onto the ________ less constrict million waste dilate skin
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The Skin ________ transfers from the body to the sweat on the skin
Eventually, this sweat _____________, removing the heat and __________ the skin This process eliminates excess _______ produced by muscle contractions Wastes are produced when ___________ are broken down in cells Heat evaporates cooling heat nutrients
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The Skin Such wastes, if not removed, can act as __________
Sweat glands release waste products, such as _________ and _______ If too much water and salt are ___________ during period of extreme heat or physical exertion, you might fell light- headed or even ________ poisons water salt released faint
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The Skin Your skin often can be bruised, ___________, burned, ripped, or exposed to harsh conditions like cold, dry air In response the ___________ produces new cells and the dermis __________ tears When tiny blood vessels ________ under ___________ skin, a bruise results _______ blood cells from these broken blood vessels leak into the surrounding ________ scratched epidermis repairs burst unbroken Red tissue
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The Skin These blood cells then break down, releasing a chemical called _____________ that gradually breaks down into its components, called __________ The colors of these pigments cause the bruised area to turn shades of _______, red, and purple The bruise eventually turns __________ as the pigment in the red blood cells is broken down even more and __________ the bloodstream hemoglobin pigments blue yellow reenters
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The Muscular System ___________ make all of your daily movements possible Imagine how much _________ the more than ______ muscles in your body use each day Even if you try to be completely _______ some muscles in your body are always __________ You’re ____________, your heart is beating, and your ___________ system is working Muscles energy 600 still moving breathing digestive
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Hand, arm, leg, and face muscles
The Muscular System _________ _________-muscles that you are able to __________, you choose to ________ them or not to move them Examples: __________ _________-muscles you can’t control _____________ They work all day long, all your _______ Voluntary muscles control move Hand, arm, leg, and face muscles Involuntary muscles consciously life
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The Muscular System Humans have ________ types of muscle tissue: skeletal, _________, and cardiac Skeletal muscles are ____________ muscles that move bones __________-thick band of __________ that attaches bones to muscles Skeletal muscles are __________ and appear striped when viewed under a microscope three smooth voluntary Tendon tissue striated
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The Muscular System __________ muscle is found only in the ________ and is also striated __________ muscles are nonstriated _____________ muscles and are found in your ____________, bladder, blood vessels, and other internal organs Cardiac heart Smooth involuntary intestines
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The Muscular System Your _________ system and muscular system work together when you move, like a machine A machine is any device that makes work _________ A _________ machine does work with only one movement A lever is a type of simple machine, which is a ______ or plank that ________ or turns about a point This point is called a __________ skeletal easier simple rod pivots fulcrum
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The Muscular System The action of muscles, ________, and joints working together is like a _______ In your body bones are rods, joints are ___________, and contraction and relaxation of muscles provide the _______ to move body parts bones lever fulcrums force
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The Muscular System When you move ________ of skeletal muscles work together When one muscle of the pair ___________ the other muscle ___________, or returns to its original length Muscles always ________ they never push When you ________ your leg muscles on the ________ of your upper leg contract, when you ___________ your leg the muscles on the back relax and muscles on the ________ of your upper leg contract pairs contracts relaxes pull bend back straighten front
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The Muscular System Muscles can become _________ or smaller, depending on whether of not they are used Skeletal muscles that do a lot of ________, become ____________ and larger Some of this change in muscle size is due to an increase in the _________ of muscle cells, however most of this change is because individual muscle ________ become _________ Muscles that aren’t exercised become __________ in size larger work stronger number cells larger smaller
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The Muscular System You muscles need _________ to contract and relax
Your ________ carries energy-rich molecules to your muscle cells, where the ___________ energy stored in these molecules is released As the muscle contracts, this released energy changes to mechanical energy (_____________) and __________ energy (heat) The ________ produced by muscle contractions helps keep your body temperature ___________ energy blood chemical mechanical thermal heat constant
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The Skeletal System The __________ system includes all the bones in your body and has five major functions The skeleton gives ________ and support to your body Bones __________ your internal organs Major muscles are attached to bones and help them ________ Blood cells form in the ______ marrow of many bones skeletal shape protect move red
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The Skeletal System 5. Major quantities of ___________ and phosphorus compounds are _________ in the skeleton for later use. Calcium and phosphorus make bones ________ Looking at bone though a magnifying glass will show you that it isn’t __________ Muscles and ____________ attach to bumps and pits Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through _________ in the bone calcium stored hard smooth ligaments holes
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The Skeletal System Living bone is an _________ made of several different __________ _____________-tough, tight-fitting _____________ covering the outside of a living bone’s surface Small blood vessels in this layer carry ___________ into the bone and its __________ signal pain Under the periosteum is ___________ bone and _________ bone organ tissues Periosteum membrane nutrients nerves spongy compact
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The Skeletal System Compact bone gives bone __________ and it has a framework containing deposits of calcium and ____________ that make the bone hard Spongy bone is found in _______ bones and has many small open _________ that makes bones _____________ In the centers of long bones are large openings called __________ strength phosphate long spaces lightweight cavities
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The Skeletal System These cavities and the spaces in spongy bone are filled with a substance called __________ Some marrow is yellow and is composed of ______ cells ______ marrow produces red blood cells at a rate of ____ million to _____ million cells per second ___________- thick, smooth, flexible and slippery tissue layer that covers the ends of bones, and makes ___________ easier by reducing _________, and absorbing shocks marrow fat red 2 3 Cartilage movement friction
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The Skeletal System ___________ bone tissue is always being formed and reformed _____________ build up bone and ____________ break down bone tissue When osteoclasts _________ down bone, the release calcium and phosphorus into the blood steam These ____________are necessary for the working of the body Healthy Osteoblasts osteoclast break elements
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The Skeletal System All the _____________ you make throughout the day are possible because of joints ________-any place where two or more ________ come together ____________- tough band of _________ that hold bones in place at the joints __________ move bones by moving joints movements Joint bones Ligament tissue Muscles
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The Skeletal System Joints can be classified as ____________ or ____________ An immovable joint allows for little or no _____________ Examples: joints in ________ or _________ There are several types of _________ in moveable bones In a ________ joint, one bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not ________ Example: Turning you _________ immovable moveable movement skull pelvis joints pivot move head
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The Skeletal System A ball-and-socket joint consists of a bone with a __________ end that fits into a __________ cavity on another bone Example: _______ and leg joints ________ joint has a back-and-forth movement like hinges on a ________ Example: rounded cuplike arm Hinge door Elbow, knee, finger
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The Skeletal System _________ joint, one part of a bone ________ over another bone Examples: _________, ________, and between vertebrate Gliding joints are used the ________ in your body ___________ is the most common joint problem Gliding slides wrist ankle most Arthritis
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