1. Disaster and Emergency Planning

2. The World Health Organization believes and takes a proactive position that emergencies and disasters are “events that can be managed rather than acts of God that can only be responded to.”
Emergencies/Disasters can and should be managed to prevent:
Further loss of lives,
Further damage to property and ,…
This concept explains the need for working.

3. Preparedness requires that: Emergency plans be developed,
Personnel at all levels and in all sectors be trained,
Communities at risk be educated and
These measures be monitored and evaluated regularly.

4. Preparedness is an :
ongoing process and this may be achieved by planning and testing this plan regularly through drills and exercises.
The level of preparedness can always move to a higher level. After each emergency/disaster:
improvements from lessons learned

5. What is the difference between :
Policies
Procedures
Guidelines
Plans
Regulations

6. Policy
a formal statement by a government, organisation or institution that expresses :
a set of goals,
the priorities within those goals
and the preferred strategies for achieving those goals;

7. Procedures
Procedures are about allocating responsibility for resources i.e.:
Acquisition of new resources
Access to existing resources
Accounting for the use of resources

8. Guidelines Guidelines are about using resources: Appropriate resources
Application of those resources
Evaluation of the effectiveness of resources

9. The differences Policy – what must be done
Procedures – how to implement the policy – administrative how
Guidelines – how to implement the policy – technical how
Internal Regulations – special procedures which often incur a penalty if not followed
Plan – who does what when to implement policy

10. The relationship Mandates are needed to set policies
Policies are needed to define procedures and guidelines
Policies, procedures and guidelines are needed to make plans

11. The planning process
Determine the authority responsible for the process
Establish a planning committee
Conduct a risk analysis - hazards and community vulnerabilities
Set the planning objectives
Define the management structure for the process
Assign responsibilities
Identify and analyse capacities and resources
Develop the emergency management systems and arrangements
Document the plan
Test the plan
Review and update the plan on a regular basis

12. TYPES OF DISASTER PLANNING
TThe two major types of disaster plans are those that take the agent-specific approach and those that use the all-hazards approach.
Communities that embrace the agent-specific approach focus their preparedness activities on the most likely threats to occur based on their geographic location.
The all-hazards approach is a conceptual model for disaster preparedness that incorporates disaster management components that are consistent across all major types of disaster events to maximize resources, expenditures, and planning efforts.
YPES OF DISASTER PLANNING

13. Disaster/Emergency Plan
Needed data:
Current Policies and Plan/s of the Ministry of Health during disasters;
Hazard Map of your geographical area/s of concern;
Health Services strengths and gaps
Health Facilities Capacities
Health Staff Capabilities (knowledge and skills)
Gaps in services in previous disasters

14. Planning for Emergencies
Planning based on risk analysis is planning for any emergency, by predicting:
what might happen
when it might happen
where it might occur
how big it might be
what effect it might have
how long it might last (emergency period + recovery period)

15. management structures resource and information management
plans involve the description of
responsibilities
management structures
resource and information management
Logistics management
plans focus on protecting life, property and the environment

16. Elements of a Response Plan
A response plan will define :
A line of authority
Responsibilities of all the stakeholders
The management structure
The communications system
Alert/alarm and warning mechanisms
Public information arrangements
Resource management (human, financial and material)
Reporting and accounting arrangements

17. Key Considerations
Clear responsibilities (who, what, when, how, with whom, where)
All key stakeholders need to be involved in the planning process, including:
agencies with disaster responsibilities
community members / groups
Institutions and legal authorities

18. The Planning Process Define Project Form planning group
Analyze potential problems
Analyze resources
Describe roles and responsibilities
Describe management structures
Develop strategies and systems

19. After the Plan has been Developed
It is essential to:
simulate an emergency to test the plan
familiarise all staff with the plan
brief all new staff about the plan
familiarise local government, emergency services and the community with the plan
train those staff with special roles and responsibilities in the plan
review and update the plan after an emergency, after each simulation and whenever new resources are acquired

20. Evaluate the Plan How do we know a plan is a good plan?
It meets the national planning criteria
It conforms to the national planning format
It is tested and regularly exercised
All key staff are familiar with the details of the plan and know their responsibilities

21. Common Planning Mistakes
Plans are out of date as soon as they are published
PLANS NEED REGULAR REVIEW
Procedures, policies and guidelines are needed to guide the planning process at local level

22. Emergency Planning for the Health Sector
Health issues in emergencies
Public health services
Food security
Basic medical care
Mass casualty care
Recovery planning
Resources and logistics
Media and public information