1. Cloning
Chapter 11

2. What you need to know! The terminology of biotechnology
The steps in gene cloning with special attention to the biotechnology tools that make cloning possible

3. Cloning Clones are genetically identical organisms Natural Clones are:
Bacteria that underwent binary fission
Some forms of asexual reproduction
Identical twins
Artificial clones are organisms produced from the DNA of a somatic cell (skin cells, udder cells, etc.)

4. In-Vitro Fertilization
Simulated to create clones
Estrogen overdose leads to multiple ovulations
Eggs are harvested
Eggs are exposed to sperm in a petri-dish
Fertilized zygotes begin cellular division
Implant multiple zygotes into hormonally prepared uterus

5. Embryo Splitting
Artificial identical twins

6. Nuclear Transfer
Take egg cell and remove the nucleus with a microscopic pipette
Insert a somatic cell into the modified egg cell
Hormonal treatment and/or electrical stimulation induces the egg cell to start dividing
Transplant into a surrogate mother for further development

7. Cloning Today Scientific study Dolly the sheep
First human clone in La Jolla
Therapeutic cloning
Politics
Ethical issues and legality
Food
Beef, vegetables
Clone-A-Pet-Services
$30,000 - $50,000