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Cloning Chapter 11
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What you need to know! The terminology of biotechnology
The steps in gene cloning with special attention to the biotechnology tools that make cloning possible
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Cloning Clones are genetically identical organisms Natural Clones are:
Bacteria that underwent binary fission Some forms of asexual reproduction Identical twins Artificial clones are organisms produced from the DNA of a somatic cell (skin cells, udder cells, etc.)
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In-Vitro Fertilization
Simulated to create clones Estrogen overdose leads to multiple ovulations Eggs are harvested Eggs are exposed to sperm in a petri-dish Fertilized zygotes begin cellular division Implant multiple zygotes into hormonally prepared uterus
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Embryo Splitting Artificial identical twins
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Nuclear Transfer Take egg cell and remove the nucleus with a microscopic pipette Insert a somatic cell into the modified egg cell Hormonal treatment and/or electrical stimulation induces the egg cell to start dividing Transplant into a surrogate mother for further development
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Cloning Today Scientific study Dolly the sheep
First human clone in La Jolla Therapeutic cloning Politics Ethical issues and legality Food Beef, vegetables Clone-A-Pet-Services $30,000 - $50,000
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