1. Trends Across The Periodic Table

2. Periodic Table Each element is made up of one type of atom
Periodic table is an organized chart of elements
Organized by the number of protons in the nucleus (represented by the atomic number)
Each element is made up of one type of atom

3. Periodic Table
Four of the elements on the periodic table make up the largest portion of solid Earth, living matter, the oceans, and the atmosphere:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
“CHON”

4. Periodic Table
Periods

5. Periodic Table: Periods
Horizontal rows that run left to right across the periodic table
The lanthanides and actinides (rows at the very bottom) actually fit in periods 6 & 7
The period identifies how many electron shells an atom has
The physical size of the atoms decreases across the period from left to right

6. Periodic Table
Groups

7. Periodic Table: Groups
Numbered columns that run from top to bottom
Elements in the same groups tend to have similar physical and chemical properties
These groups are sometimes referred to as families, but more than one group can be in the same family

8. Group: Hydrogen
Hydrogen sits in group 1, but belongs to its own family…all alone
One valence electron in its outer shell

9. Group: Alkali Metals Group 1
Soft, silvery-white metals with low melting points
One valence electron in its outer shell
So reactive that they will burn skin
React violently with water
Almost never found in their pure forms in nature

10. Group: Alkaline Earth Metals
Soft, silvery-white with high melting points and densities
Two valence electrons in its outer shell
Reactive but can be handled by humans
Never found in their pure forms in nature

11. Groups: Transition Metals
Hard, shiny, and strong metals
Most of them have high melting and boiling points
Good conductors of heat and electricity
All have 1 or 2 valence electrons in its outer shell

12. Group: Boron
Group 13
Three valence electrons in its outer shell

13. Groups: Carbon
Group 14
Four valence electrons in its outer shell

14. Groups: Nitrogen
Group 15
Five valence electrons in its outer shell

15. Groups: Oxygen Group 16 Six valence electrons in its outer shell
Wants to react with elements from group 2

16. Groups: Halogens Group 17 Family of poisonous nonmetals
Very reactive and never found in their pure forms in nature
Seven valence electrons in its outer shell
Wants to react with elements from group 1

17. Groups: Noble Gases Group 18 Colorless, tasteless, and odorless gases
Extremely nonreactive
Eight valence electrons in its outer shell

18. Groups: Lanthanides Found at the bottom of the periodic table
Soft, silvery metal
Reactive and will burn in oxygen or air
Will produce a spark when struck

19. Groups: Actinides Found at the very bottom of the periodic table
Silvery metals
Radioactive (emits radiation energy that can damage living tissue)