1. Using Mathematics in Science
Table of Contents
Measurement—A Common Language
Mathematics and Science
Graphs in Science
Models as Tools in Science
Safety in the Science Laboratory

2. Measurement- A Common Language
Lesson 1
Measurement- A Common Language

3. Standard Measurements
SI: from French, 1790s Metric system based on 10 ~move from one unit to another with same base, multiply or divide by

4. Measurement—A Common Language
SI Prefixes
SI units are similar to our money units, in which a dime is ten times more than a penny. Determine the example for the SI Prefixes. (pg 43)

5. Distance from one point to another Meter (m), use a meter ruler
Length
Distance from one point to another Meter (m), use a meter ruler

6. Mass
Amount of matter in an object Kilogram (kg), based on 1,000 g Triple-beam balance NOT weight- force of gravity on a scale Mass does not change from planet to planet but weight does
Pg 45

7. Volume
Amount of space an object takes up Cubic meter (m³) and cubic centimeter (cm³) for solids (m·m·m or cm·cm·cm) Liter (L) or milliliter (mL) for liquids 1 mL=1 cm³

8. Measurement—A Common Language
Volume of Liquids
Measuring the volume of liquids and rectangular solids requires different methods. (pg 46-47)

9. On paper: Answer pg 79, #4 and pg 81, #6 Turn in.

10. The heart formula: D = mass = m volume v Kg/m³ or g/cm³ Density Facts
Denstiy
Ratio (aka fraction) that shows how much mass is contained in a given volume
The heart formula: D = mass = m
volume v
Kg/m³ or g/cm³
Density Facts
Pg 48

11. Measurement—A Common Language
Densities of Some Common Substances
Knowing the density of an object helps you predict how it will float and identify what it is made of. Objects will float if it is less dense than the surrounding liquid.(pg 48)
Density Layers

12. Measures the amount of heat an object Thermometer
Temperature
Measures the amount of heat an object
Thermometer
Everyday: Celsius (ºC)
Scientists use Kelvin (K)- notice no º & no negatives
Fahrenheit is only in USA

13. Measurement—A Common Language
Temperature Scales
Zero on the Kelvin scale (0 K) is the coldest possible temperature. It is called absolute zero. What is the boiling point and what is the freezing point on the Celsius thermometer? (pg 50)

14. Time
Difficult to define!
Second (s): can be divided into smaller units
~not based on 10
~60 s = 1 min, 60 min = 1 hr, 24 hrs = 1 day
Clocks or watches, stopwatches are more accurate
Pg 51
Complete Lesson 1 Study Guide
Read pg 43-59

15. Mathematics and Science
Lesson 2
Mathematics and Science

16. NOT a guess- based on reasonable data
Math Skills
Estimation is used
NOT a guess- based on reasonable data
Can’t count each one, can’t measure exact distance
Pg 53

17. Accuracy: one datum to true value
Accuracy vs Precision
Accuracy: one datum to true value
Precision: group of data to each other
Use high-quality tool
Measure carefully
Repeat, repeat, repeat

18. Mathematics and Science
Accuracy and Precision
In a game of darts, accurate throws land close to the bull’s eye. Precise throws land close to one another. Where would darts land in the situations described on boards C and D?

19. Percent Error: determines how accurate
Math Tools
Percent Error: determines how accurate
~difference between measurement and true value divided by true value = decimal (convert to %)
Low: accurate
High: not accurate

20. Mathematics and Science
Percent Error
The experimental density of copper is 9.37 g/cm3.
The true value is 8.92 g/cm3. To calculate the percent error, use the following formula and substitute.
The percent error in the calculation of the density of copper was 5.04%. (Pg 56)

21. Mean: numerical average
Median: middle number
Mode: datum most often
Range: difference between highest and lowest datum

22. Mathematics and Science
Sea Turtle Egg Data
Use math to analyze the data in the table and find the mean, median, mode, and range of the sea turtle eggs. (pg 57)

23. Reasonable and Anomalous
Data that makes sense and follows a pattern
Data that falls outside of the pattern
~error of measurement
~unknown variable

24. Mathematics and Science
Collected Data
What might be an unknown variable that could have affected data? (Pg 58)
Complete Lesson 2 Study Guide
Read pg 43-63

25. Lesson 3
Graphs in Science

26. Line graph: continuous data for manipulated variable on the x-axis
Data Displays
Graphs show relationship between the independent and dependent variables
Line graph: continuous data for manipulated variable on the x-axis
Responding variable is shown on the y-axis

27. Graphs in Science What is the manipulated variable?
A Line Graph
This line graph plots the data from the table.
What is the manipulated variable?
What is the responding variable?

28. ~recognize anomalous data
Graphs as Tools
Linear vs. Nonlinear
No relationship
~identify trends
~make predictions
~recognize anomalous data

29. Graphs in Science Linear Trends
Data plotted in a line graph may show a trend. Is the graph linear or nonlinear? What is the graph’s trend? (pg 62)

30. Graphs in Science Data Variation
Even though some points do not fall on the line, this graph shows a trend. What is the anomalous data point? (pg 63)

31. Graphs in Science Complete Lesson 3 Study Guide
Distance Biked
This graph shows the distance two friends biked in one hour.
What is the manipulated and responding variables?
What is the relationship between the variables?
Between which two times were the friends biking fastest?
Make an inference that explains why.
Complete Lesson 3 Study Guide
Read pg 43-63, 73-77– YES, you are skipping Lesson 4

32. Safety in the Science Laboratory
Lesson 5
Safety in the Science Laboratory

33. Good preparation = safety and valid data
~read directions, ask questions
~stay alert to safety symbols

34. Safety in the Science Laboratory
Safety Symbols
Safety symbols identify how to work carefully and what safety equipment to use. Which symbols would appear in the notebook for a lab investigation that measures the temperature of water as it heats to boiling?

35. ALWAYS be thinking about safety
Performing a Lab
ALWAYS be thinking about safety
ALWAYS follow teacher’s instructions and directions exactly

36. Clean up your space- help others Turn off equipment
End of Lab
Clean up your space- help others
Turn off equipment
Dispose of wastes properly
Wash equipment and hands

37. Safety in the Science Laboratory
End-of-Lab Procedures
Summarize the procedures that are performed before, during, and after a lab investigation. (pg 75)

38. Be aware of surroundings Tell someone where you are Never work alone
Field Work
Be aware of surroundings
Tell someone where you are
Never work alone
Use common sense or stay home!

39. Follow directions quickly Know where first aid kit is
Tell an adult!
Follow directions quickly
Know where first aid kit is

40. Safety in the Science Laboratory
In Case of Emergency
These first-aid tips can help you in emergency situations in the lab.