1. BaMa in Europe: Origin and Implementation
Prof. Ludo GELDERS
CAETS
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2. EUROPE 1992 = Single Market CAPITAL + GOODS + PERSONS
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Qualifications? Recognition?
HOME COUNTRY – ABROAD – CROSS BORDER
EDUCATION SYSTEM:
- national history
- national authority (not EU)
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3. SINGLE MARKET PROBLEMS (Barriers)
Language + Cultural
EU programs increase mobility (Erasmus/Socrates)
Access to Profession
-Different rules + mechanisms + conditions
Engineering: P, Sp, Gr, It (regulated) B (limited)  Nl (only title)
-Difference diplomas/degrees: contents + study length...
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4. Need for HARMONISATION!
3. Transparency Diplomas / Degrees
Engineering: B,D,Gr,P,...(3y/4y/5y)
Nl (3y/ y/5y)
It (5y)
UK: BaMa (4y Eng./5y Scot.)
Fr : Grandes EcolesUniv.
Access: high school- O/A levels- exam/concours
Contents: engineering  science (e.g. Computer )
Confusion: ‘vocational drift’  ‘academic drift’
Need for HARMONISATION!
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5. 4. Other problems. Globalisation: e.g. comparability to US degrees
Competition for int’l student flows
Long duration of study trajects (e.g. Nl/D in practice?)
Lack of flexibility (structure, contents, access)
Transfer between programs
Life long learning
Problem for:
Students + Professionals + Universities + Employees
Problem for EU: how to increase mobility? establish knowledge economy? face int’l competition in science/technology?
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6. PRIVATE EFFORTS (< 92)
- SEFI-index
- FEANI register (+ Eur. Ing.)
- CLAIU-register
- ERT-efforts
NATIONAL INITIATIVES
UK (92): Polytecnics  Univ (44 125)
SP: 6 yr  5yr
Nl: 5yr  4yr 5yr
FR (98): Comm. Attali: model
FR (95): mastaire
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7. SORBONNE Declaration (25-05-98) FR+UK+D+It
Principle = Harmonisation Standard=Ba Ma
BOLOGNA Declaration ( )
29 Min. of Educ. (EU+...)+ consent Universities
Purpose: ‘to create a European space for higher education in order to enhance the employability and mobility of citizens and to increase the international competiveness of European education’.
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8. - stimulate European integration process
General Objectives
- stimulate European integration process
- increase readibility of degrees/diplomas
- increase employability (1st degree)
- remove barriers to mobility
- enforce quality assurance (standards + accreditation)
- increase flexibility (life long learning)
Specific Objectives
- Diploma supplement
- ECTS compatible credits
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9. - national responsibility (legislation)
Implementation
- national responsibility (legislation)
- DD = 2010
- road map follow-up
Prague (2001) - Berlin (2003)
Bergen (2005) – London (2007)
Where do we stand?
It’s still a mess...
but we are on the way...
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10. Overview of progress on the deadlines (BERLIN) monitored since 2005
BOLOGNA SCORECARD
Overview of progress on the deadlines (BERLIN) monitored since 2005
Three action lines:
Two-cycle system
Quality assurance
Recognition of degrees and study periods
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11. Accreditation Systems General system  Specific
National System  Multinational
Ex: - NVAO = Nl + B (Fl)
- UK: Engineering Council
- P: Ordem dos Engenheiros
- Fr: Commission du Titre
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12. Example: B (Flanders) 3-tier system:
Distinction: professional / academic degrees
Universities: Eng.: 2+3  3 (Ba) + 2 (Ma)
Science: 2+2  3+1 or 3 +2
HE: 3 yr (grad)  3 yr (Prof Ba)
4 yr (ing)  2+2 3 +1
Association Univ / HE: 1 Univ + x HE schools
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