1. Webiitd.ac.in/~pmvs

2. REFERENCE MATERIALS Principles of Energy Conversion -- Culp A.W.
Applied Thermodynamics -- Eastop T.D. & Mc conkey A.
Power Plant Engineering -- Nag P.K.
Power Plant Technology -- EI-Wakil.
Internal Combustion Engines -- Ganesan V.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning -- Stoecker W.F. & Jones J.W.
Gas Turbine Theory -- H Cohen, G F C Rogers -- H I H Saravanamuttoo.
Hydraulics machines -- Jagadish Lal

3. Analysis of Sources of EnergyBY
Dr. P M V Subbarao
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi
An analysis to know the limits of Technology Growth...

4. Structure of Energy Systems : Fossil Fuels
Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals.
They provide around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses).
Coal provides around 28% of World energy, and oil provides 40%.
Natural gas provides around 20% of the world's consumption of energy
Structure of Energy systems using Fossil resources:

5. Structure of Energy Systems : Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels.
Structure of Energy systems using Nuclear resources:

6. Structure of Energy Systems : Solar Fuels
Structure of Energy systems using Nuclear resources:
Solar energy Makes
heat
Solar Energy Electrical Energy

7. Structure of Energy Systems : Wind Fuels
The Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others.
These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them - and we feel a wind blowing.
We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propeller on the top.
Wind Fuel has
Kinetic Energy
This runs Turbine
Turbine Runs
Generator

8. Structure of Energy Systems : Hydro Fuels
Nowadays there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world's electricity.
A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.
Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators.
Water behind a dam Posses Potential Energy
Potential Energy can be converted into Kinetic energy
This runs Turbine
Turbine Runs
Generator

9. Possible Sources of Energy Conversion

10. Possible Sources of Energy Conversion
Direct conversion to heat in air, earth and oceans: 2.55 x 106EJ/year
Biomass energy: 4.3 x 103EJ/year
Wind, waves convection and currents: 11.7 x 103EJ/year
Convection in volcanoes and hot springs: 9.36 EJ/year
Ocean tides: 93.6 EJ/year0.7
We should pay attention to those areas of energy cycle which have not yet been utilized for which energy conversion methods have been in place.

11. Conclusions on Energy Resources
95 % of the energy resources satisfy the needs through Generation of Heat.
Many of the resources required Turbine (Prime Mover).
A broader structure for study should proceed along:
Fuel Power
Fluid Power (Thermal Power, Potential Power, Kinetic Power)
Mechanical Energy (Shaft Power)
A first step is to analyze Fuel Power.
A first step in fuel power is to study Biological fuels

12. Energy Cycle in Living Things
                                                                            

13. Energy and Order in Biological Systems
The concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics suggests that systems naturally progress from order to disorder.
If so, how do biological systems develop and maintain such a high degree of order?
Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics?
Order can be produced with an expenditure of energy, and the order associated with life on the earth is produced with the aid of energy from the sun.

14. The Cyclic Nature of the Universe
Everything the power of the world does is done in a circle.
The sky is round , the Earth is round like a ball and so are all the stars.
The wind in its greatest power whirls.
Birds make their roots in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours.
The Sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle.
The Moon does the same and both are round.
Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing and always come back to where they were.
The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood and so it is in everything where Power moves.

15. The Natural Thermodynamic Cycle of this Universe.
Heat Vortex Motion Friction Heat.
Vortices therefore should be able to change heat energy into motive energy.
This would necessitate an acceleration of flow and a cooling effect.
Both of these can be observed in the case of vortices.

16. Natural Power Generation Cycles
Life is Natural……..

17. Energy Cycle in Living Things
                                                                            

18. The Natural Cycles G s

19. Natural Power Generation CycleV

20. Natural Power Generation Cycle
Tmax T
Tmin
Smin S
Smax

21. Carnot
Natural