1. ADSORPTION PRINCIPLES

2. INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS
SOLID FLUID PROCESS
RETENTION OF COMPONENTS FROM FLUID PHASE ON SOLID PHASE
SEPARATION DUE TO RELATIVE SOLUBILITY OF COMPONENTS SOLUTES IN SORBATE
SOLID CHARACTERISTICS
MANY ARE POROUS
INTERNAL SURFACE AREA 1000'S TIMES GREATER THAN EXTERNAL AREA

3. COMMON TYPES OF ADSORBENTS
SILICA GEL, SiO2
MOLECULAR SIEVE –
TETRHEDRAS OF AlO4
AND AND SiO4
ACTIVATED CARBON

4. COMMON TYPES OF ADSORBENTS
ACTIVATED ALUMINA
POLYMERIC RESINS
ION EXCHANGE RESINS

5. ADSORBENT PROPERTIES
PERRY’S (Ed. 7) TABLES 16-5 & LIST PROPERTIES
USES FOR ADSORBENTS
DEHYDRATION
DECOLORING
REMOVAL OF ORGANICS
REMOVAL OF METAL IONS
SELECTIVE REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS

6. EXAMPLE OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION
cide/fs50.dbcp.cfm
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) is a pesticide that was used for over 20 years to control worms that cause damage to crops and other plants. Though it is no longer used or produced in the United States (US), DBCP is still found in groundwater in areas with past high use. There is evidence that DBCP can cause mammary (breast) tumors in female rats, and it can cause damage to DNA.
Although DBCP was banned nearly two decades ago, monitoring of DBCP in public water supplies continues. In areas of heavy DBCP contamination, such as California's Central Valley and parts of Hawaii, ongoing efforts to remove DBCP are taking place using several technologies, such as granular activated carbon (GAC) and air stripping. Hundreds of GAC units have been installed on private wells contaminated with DBCP in the Fresno, California area.

7. COST OF REMEDIATION Honolulu Advertiser - January 16, 2002
The Honolulu Board of Water Supply will receive nearly $20 million in a settlement with six petrochemical companies and pineapple growers over contamination of the water supply in Central and Leeward Oahu, according to a joint statement released today by all parties involved in the suit.
Board of Water Supply officials sued in 1999, saying the water supply had been tainted by toxic chemicals - dibromochloropropane (DBCP), ethylene dibromide (EDB), and trichloropropane (TCP) - made by defendants Shell Oil Co., Dow Chemical Co., Great Lakes Chemical Co., and used on pineapple crops by Del Monte, Dole and Libby McNeil Libby Inc.
Under the terms of the settlement, the suit's defendants, without any admission of liability, will make a one-time immediate payment of $19.95 million toward the cost of filtering drinking water wells with granulated activated carbon (GAC) to meet federal and state water quality standards. Parties involved in the suit declined to say how much each of the defendants would pay.

8. ADSORBENT CHARACTERISTICS
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
INDICATE CAPACITY MASS SOLUTE/MASS BDS
EQUILIBRIUM
CURVES
FAVORABLE
STRONGLY
LINEAR
UNFAVORABLE

9. TYPICAL ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
IRREVERSIBLE - REQUIRES VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR REGENERATION
LANGMUIR (STRONGLY FAVORABLE)
FREUNDLICH – FAVORABLE
LINEAR

10. DEFINITION OF LOADING
LANGMUIR ISOTHERM

11. LANGMUIR DERIVATION ASSUMPTIONS ARE: CONFIRMATION OF LANGMUIR MODEL
SINGLE MONOLAYER
FINITE NUMBER OF SITES
REVERSIBLE ABSORPTION
FINITE EQUILIBRIUM
CONFIRMATION OF LANGMUIR MODEL
REQUIRES LINEARIZATION OF THE DATA USING (1/q) VS (1/c) PLOT

12. PLOT FOR LANGMUIR ADSORPTION

13. PROFILES FOR OTHER TYPES OF ISOTHERMS
SEE PERRY’S (Ed. 7)SECTION 16 FOR A LIST

14. COMBINED ISOTHERMS
Adsorption of human immunoglobulin G onto ethacrylate and histidine-linked methacrylate

15. BASES OF ISOTHERM MODELS
FOR GASES, K = K(PTOTAL)
ADSORPTION THERMODYNAMICS
GIBB’S RELATIONSHIP AT SURFACE (NO PENETRATION)
FROM KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
WHERE:
Γ = MOLECULES/UNIT AREA,
ns = CONCENTRATION TERM (ps FOR GASES)
k = BOLTZMAN’S CONSTANT
γ = SURFACE ENERGY TERM [SURFACE TENSION FOR LIQUIDS (POLARITY ENERGY/UNIT AREA)]
(∂γ/∂ns) = SLOPE OF EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAM

16. LIQUID/LIQUID MODELS USE SURFACE TENSION-BASED ENERGY TERMS WHERE:
σ = SURFACE TENSION SOLUTE,
σS = SURFACE TENSION SOLVENT,
n = SURFACE CONCENTRATION SOLUTE,
nS = SURFACE CONCENTRATION SOLVENT,
K = ADJUSTABLE PARAMETER

17. BATCH ADSORPTION
BATCH ADSORPTION OCCURS WHEN THE ADSORBENT IS ADDED TO THE SOLUTION TO REMOVE A CONTAMINANT (SOMETIMES CALLED ADMIXING)
SOLID WILL NOT REMOVE ALL CONTAMINANT UNLESS THERE IS INFINITELY GOOD MIXING
TOTAL REMOVED IS A FUNCTION OF RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF CONTAMINANT TO MASS OF SOLID

18. BATCH ADSORPTION OPERATING LINE IS THE MASS BALANCE
EQUILIBRIUM LINE IS ONE OF THE ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
.OVER A SHORT RANGE, GENERAL FORM OF THE EQUILIBRIUM LINE EQUATION IS q = Acn , WHICH IS LINEARIZED BY PLOTTING ln q VS. ln c AS SHOWN ON FIGURE

19. BATCH ADSORPTION
PLOTTING THE EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERM ON THE SAME FIGURE (12.2-1, BUT NOTE CHANGE TO LINEAR AXES) YIELDS THE FINAL CONCENTRATION AT THE INTERSECTION OF THE OPERATING AND EQUILIBRIUM LINES.