1. The
Arab-Israeli
Wars
(1956-present)

2. Israel: 1947 & Israel: 1949

3. Palestinian Refugees
Palestinian Diaspora

4. Gamal Abdel Nasser President of Egypt
Suez Crisis (1956)
Gamal Abdel Nasser President of Egypt

5. Causes of the Suez Crisis
Nasser takes control of Egypt
Egyptian-Israeli tensions:
Cross border raids
Nasser turns to Soviet bloc for weapons (Czech Arms deal)

6. Goals of Suez Crisis Egypt: Israel:
Nationalized the Canal to get financing for Aswan Dam
Weaken Israel
Israel:
Self-defense—reaction to Egypt’s move towards the USSR
Or possibly planned intervention

7. Goals of Suez Crisis British role French Role:
Maintain trade route to India/Middle East
Egypt seen moving to Soviet camp
Nasser’s position as leader of Anti-British feeling in Middle East and Africa
French Role:
Egypt supported Algerians fighting the French in Algeria
Decided to overthrow Nasser

8. Goals of the Suez Crisis
United States’ role:
Against the tripartite attack
But saw Egypt as moving towards Soviets
Domestic politics—Eisenhower’s re-election campaign
USSR’s role:
Opportunity to spread influence in the region

9. The Crisis Israel, France and Britain form Tripartite
Plan is for Israel to seize the canal
France & Britain call for Egypt and Israel to pull out
Egypt doesn’t
French and British troops secure the Canal, kick Egypt out

10. What actually happened?
Israel attacks, France and Britain cal for withdrawal, Egypt doesn’t, French British forces attack
US pressures all for a UN backed cease-fire
US doesn’t want a war, possibly with Soviet involvement
US wants to maintain balanced relations in Middle East (oil in particular)

11. Effects Nasser weakened militarily, but politically the “winner”
Expands Egypt’s influence in Arab world
Egypt maintains control of canal
Israel gains by showing the strength of its military and assuring trade freedom in the Red Sea
France and Britain the ‘losers’
US and USSR emerge as major world players

12. Question to think about
Did the superpowers bring the Cold War into the Middle East during the crisis, or did regional leaders use Cold War tensions for their own ends?

13. Dwight Eisenhower: US
Gamal Abdel Nasser:
Egypt
David Ben-Gurion: Israel
Anthony Eden: Britain
Guy Mollet: France
Nikita Khrushchev: USSR

14. Six-Day War (1967)
UN Resolution 242
. UN Resolution 338

15. Palestine Liberation Organization
Yassir Arafat

16. Yom-Kippur War (Oct., 1973)

17. Camp David Accords (1979)
President President Prime Minister Anwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S Of Israel

18. Camp David Accords (1979)

19. Palestinian Intifada-Part I (1987-1993)

20. The Expansion of Israel