1. Unit 6 Lesson 1
Health Care

2. If you are sick, you go to
A hospital

3. Who works in the hospital?
Doctor Nurse Specialist

4. Now turn to your books & listen to the conversation;
What is happening in Ahmad’s house?
Why is that?
What was wrong with Ahmad’s uncle?
What is Malaria?

5. What is Malaria?
Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Each year, there are approximately 515 million cases of malaria, killing between one and three million people, the majority of whom are young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is commonly associated with poverty, but is also a cause of poverty and a major hindrance to economic development.

6. Caused by;
Malaria parasites are transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites multiply within red blood cells, causing symptoms that include symptoms of anemia (light headedness, shortness of breath, tachycardia etc.), as well as other general symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, flu-like illness, and in severe cases, coma and death. Malaria transmission can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites with mosquito nets and insect repellents, or by mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and draining standing water where mosquitoes lay their eggs.

7. human body. A mosquito infects a pregnant
The life cycle of malaria parasites in the
human body. A mosquito infects a pregnant
woman, first in the liver and then in the
bloodstream. First, sporozoites enter the
bloodstream, and migrate to the liver. They
infect liver cells (hepatocytes), where they multiply into merozoites, rupture the liver cells, and escape back into the bloodstream. Then, the merozoites infect red blood cells (erythrocytes), where they develop into ring forms, then trophozoites (a feeding stage), then multinucleated schizonts (a reproduction stage), then merozoites again. The merozoites rupture the blood cells and return to the bloodstream to infect more blood cells. Only the ring forms circulate in the bloodstream; the other red blood cells stick (adhere) to the walls (endothelium) of small blood vessels (venules), preventing the infected red blood cells from traveling to the spleen and being destroyed.

8. Areas of the world where malaria is endemic in the 21st Century (coloured blue).

9. Can you name other diseases?

10. Here are some of the common diseases in our society
Diabetes
High / low blood pressure
Heart diseases
Cancer
Eye diseases

11. Other diseases such as;
Glaucoma is a group of diseases of the optic nerve involving loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy. Although raised intraocular pressure is a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma, there is no set threshold for intraocular pressure that causes glaucoma. One person may develop nerve damage at a relatively low pressure, while another person may have high eye pressure for years and yet never develop damage. Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can
progress to blindness.

12. Glaucoma has been nicknamed "sneak thief of sight" because the loss of visual field often occurs gradually over a long time and may only be recognized when it is already quite advanced. Once lost, this damaged visual field can never be recovered. Worldwide, it is the second leading cause of blindness.[1] Glaucoma affects one in two hundred people aged fifty and younger, and one in ten over the age of eighty

13. Another disease;
Trachoma (Ancient Greek: "rough eye") is an infectious eye disease, and the leading[1] cause of the world's infectious blindness. Globally, 84 million people suffer from active infection and nearly 8 million people are visually impaired as a result of this disease. Globally this disease results in an estimated US $2.9 billion in lost productivity every year

14. An awful disease; Leprosy, or Hansen's disease,
is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.[1] Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external symptom.[2] Left untreated, leprosy can be progressive, causing permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes. Contrary to popular conception,[citation needed] leprosy does not cause body parts to simply fall off, and it differs from tzaraath, the malady described in the Hebrew scriptures and previously translated into English as leprosy.[3]

15. Historically, leprosy has affected humanity since at least 600 BC, and was well-recognized in the civilizations of ancient China, Egypt and India.[4] In 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between two and three million people were permanently disabled because of leprosy.[5] Although the forced quarantine or segregation of patients is unnecessary—and can be considered unethical—a few leper colonies still remain around the world, in countries such as India, Japan, Egypt, and Vietnam.

16. World distribution of leprosy, 2003.

17. Q. Choose the correct answer?
1. Ahmad’s uncle had …………………..
a. Malaria b. Tuberculosis
c. Typhoid d. Cancer
2. Ahmad’s uncle has just come out of ………
a. workshop b. house
c. hospital d. farm
3. What is Malaria?
a. a food b. an animal
c. a game d. a disease

18. celebrate disease herbs hospitals doctors nurses employees
Complete the following sentences:
1- To have a party is to……………………….
2- Malaria is a ………………………………
3- In the past, sick people are treated with ……………….
4- Nowadays, sick people are treated in …………………………………..
5- People who work in hospitals are ……………………….., …………… , and ………………………….
celebrate
disease
herbs
hospitals
doctors
nurses
employees