1. Space Strategy for Europe &
International Lunar Decade
Vidvuds Beldavs, University of Latvia
EPSC2017 September 21, 2017

2. E.U. Space Strategy – October 2016
Significant focus on increased use of E.U. funded programs – Copernicus , Galileo
New funding instruments – commercial development of space
Expansion of space funding in Horizon 2020 and successors
No reference to Moon, use of space resources,
E.U. Space Strategy – October 2016

3. International Lunar Decade 2020-2030
ILD goal: demonstrate the feasibility of industrial development of the Moon.
Moon Village a step towards that goal
International cooperation to address
Policy, rules, governance
Roadmapping
Infrastructure
Enabling technologies
Financing

4. EU role with ESA Convener / initiator Facilitator /non-binding forum
Research coordination. Horizon 2020, ESA, other instruments
Financing / risk management instruments
EU role with ESA

5. Opening benefits of the emerging Earth-Moon economy to member states
Harmonization of national space policies following example of Luxembourg
Adapting the Horizon 2020 / FP9 to Foster cooperative RD&I among member states universities, research centers, Industry and SMEs
Widen opportunities for cooperation between SMEs and research in member states with international partners participating in Moon Village / ILD

6. Cooperation in RD and innovation
FP9 includes Moon Village / ILD related R&D themes – aiming at industrial development of the Moon
Lunar energy systems
Space based solar, Thermal-electric, energy storage, Nuclear
Lunar materials processing
Solar furnace , Lunar basalt fiber, Oxygen,
Robotics
Communications
Navigation, geodesy
Ecological engineering, space farming
Space transportation, launch from Moon, propulsion
Space manufacturing, 3D printing, assembly, fabrication

7. EU role in policy for lunar industry dev.
EU endorse Moon Treaty and encourage all member states to accede.
Per Article 11, par. 5, States Parties initiate negotiation of International Regime for lunar industrial development
Invite other participants in Moon Village that may not be parties to the Treaty to participate
International regime is negotiated that fully complies with OST, provides maximum regulatory certainty with minimum regulatory burden to industry.

8. Moon Treaty viewed as inactive treaty due to small number of states parties – 17, and no party has capacity to reach and operate on Moon.
Principal objection – Heritage of all Mankind doctrine, that space exploration and use is for the benefit of all mankind
Austria, Belgium and Netherlands are parties.
France and Romania are signatories
At present there is no agreed to process to set rules for appropriation of space resources. The Moon Treaty calls for such a process, Article 11, par. 5.
If the EU endorsed the Moon Treaty and a majority of states acceded to the Treaty, then EU values could play a greater role in determining the international regime called for in the Treaty.
Moon Treaty

9. Reductions in cost of activity in space, materials, energy, processes
Rapid widening of opportunities
Increasing scale –megastructures, geoengineering, cities
Pervasive robotics and automation
Potential for rapid increase in roles for people
Planetary protection
Improved capacity to address climate change
Post 2030 scenario

10. Need top-level commitment to initiate ILD and to support Moon Village
Assure greater benefits to EU member states from lunar industrial development.
Enable the EU to leverage space leadership to advance
global stability
Widen opportunity in the European neighborhood
Joint opportunities in space engaging African partners
Develop the foundations for the post 2030 space economy
Improve prospects for a rules based order in outer space
Need top-level commitment to initiate ILD and to support Moon Village

11. President Trump – Join with Europe and the world to develop industries on the Moon!

12. EU has a deal.... EM – I’d like to welcome you to Moon Village...but
Kim – But what?
EM – You must give up nuclear weapons.
Kim – What about Trump?
EM – No problem. Give up the nukes, join the Village, and Trump will send your lab to the Moon. The Village will take care of the rest.

13. Industrial development on the Moon makes possible an Earth-Moon economy

14. Feasibility Legal framework for extraction and sale of lunar resources
Technologies to process lunar materials into products for which there are customers
Transportation from production to location of use
Markets with high, profitable long term growth potential
Feasibility

15. Growth of space economy
$400 billion / Earth 73.4 trillion (WB)
Space launch, satellite services – communictions, Earth observation, navigation, military
$1.2 trillion
Near term benefits largely satellite launch, servicing, startup of space tourism.
$11 trillion
Lunar materials, larger space tourism, SBSP
$28.5 trillion / Earth - $182 trillion (WB)
SBSP, first space cities, Earth-Mars cycler,
Growth of space economy

16. Outlook after feasibility demonstrated:
Decline in cost of energy and materials drives reduction in cost of products from space resources Effect similar to Moore’s Law.
If scaling factor 50% cost reduction per decade within 4 decades
City for 1,000,000 in space could be built for a comparable cost as on Earth or
Heavy industry could be moved to outer space
Scaling factor could be higher

17. Addresses global challenges
Climate change and environment
Jobs
Prospects for international peace
Planetary protection

18. Products from Moon for terrestrial markets – satellites, LEO space facilities
Satellites all structural, could be built from lunar materials. Oxygen for fuel.
LEO tourism – decreasing costs, greater numbers, more destinations
Lunar resources for structures, fuel, cut costs
Space-based solar.
Structural parts, conductors
PV arrays
Earth-Moon economy

19. EU role key
ILD and Moon Village are frameworks for international cooperation among states.
EU is made up of sovereign states. Its very essence is international cooperation.

20. Paldies!

21. EU role key EU has a population of 511 million, GDP $20.7 trillion
Space investment ½ of U.S. Non-military space spending.
Focus -- satellite services – communications, earth-observation