1. Compact and Spongy Bone
Compact bone
Solid, strong bone that is resistant to bending located along the diaphysis of long bones
Provides solid structure to the skeletal frame
Forms a hollow tube called the medullary cavity

2. Compact and Spongy Bone
Compact Bone
Made of cylinder shaped units called osteons
Inside osteons are osteonic canals containing two blood vessels that provide nourishment for bone

4. Compact and Spongy Bone
Made of many branching, bony plates
Located in the epiphysis of long bones

5. Compact and Spongy Bone
Reduces the weight of the bone
Provides strength to bones especially against forces of compression
Standing, running
Bone marrow is housed between the bony plates

6. Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection
Pelvis, legs, backbone support weight of body
Ribs and shoulders protect the heart and lungs

7. Functions of Bones
2. Movement a. joints help arms and legs swing and rotate b. muscles attach to bones so arms and legs can flex and bend

8. Functions of Bones
3. Blood cell formation a. Hematopoeisis i. happens in stem cells in red bone marrow in the medullary cavity of long bones

9. Functions of Bones
4. Storage of inorganic salts a. Stores calcium i. If calcium is low in the body, osteoclasts break down bone and send calcium where it is needed.

10. Bone Growth and Development
Bone grow when existing connective tissue is replaced by bone
Bone growth occurs in two ways

11. Bone Growth and Development
In the bones of the skull
Cartilage forms in the empty spots of the skull
Cartilage changes (differentiates) into bone forming cells called osteoblasts
Osteoblasts deposit bone around themselves until gap is filled

12. Bone Growth and Development
In the rest of the skeleton
Bones begin as cartilage
Osteoblasts form in the Diaphysis and begin forming the periosteum
Blood vessels invade the inside of the bone and spongy bone begins to grow

13. Bone Growth and Development
Rest of skeleton continued
Compact bone is deposited around the spongy bone
Bones lengthen as compact bone is laid down
Epiphysis develops last

14. Bone Growth and Development

15. Bones of the body
Axial skeleton
Where is it?

16. Bones of the body Axial skeleton
Includes skull, Ribcage, spine, sacrum and coccyx
Spine: know the regions cervical thoracic and lumbar

17. Bones of the body
Appendicular skeleton
Where is it?

18. Bones of the body Appendicular skeleton
Label the diagram and be able to answer questions

19. What is a joint? Joints are functional connections between bones
Some move and others do not

20. Types of joints
Immovable Joints
The flat bone of the skull

21. Types of joints
Slightly moveable joints
Joints between vertebrae

22. Types of joints Freely moveable joints Ball and socket joints
Joints of the shoulder and hip
Allows for a lot of types of movement

23. Types of joints Condyloid joints
Joints between phalanges and metacarpals and metatarsals
Rotational movement is not possible

24. Types of joints Gliding Joints
Allow for twisting and sliding movements
Ankles
Wrist
vertebrae

25. Types of joints Hinge joints
Allows movement in only one direction like a door hinge
Elbow
Knee

26. Types of joints Pivot Joints Allows rotation about a central axis
Proximal end of radius and ulna