1. Musculoskeletal Anatomy
Ch. 1

2. Anatomical Terminology
Inferior/Superior
Proximal/distal
Posterior/anterior
Internal/external
Lateral/medial
Anatomical Position
Fundamental position

3. Skeletal System What is the purpose of the skeletal system? Protection
Support/maintain posture
Provide attachment for muscles
Stores/release minerals
Blood cell production
Storage of energy

4. Axial Skeleton
Skull
Vertebral column
Sternum
Ribs

5. Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 4

6. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae

7. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae

8. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae/Spinal Problems
Herniated disc
Kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Scoliosis

9. Appendicular Skeleton
Upper body
Lower body

10. Appendicular Skeleton: Upper Body

11. Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Pelvis

12. Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Leg

13. Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Foot

14. Bones
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular
Seasamoid

15. Bones: Structure

16. Joints
What is a joint?
Joint movement and stability
Ligament

17. Types of joints Fibrous: Cartilaginous: Synovial:
no movement, i.e. skull
Cartilaginous:
Limited movement, i.e. ribs, sternum
Synovial:
Joint capsule

18. Synovial joint

19. Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket

20. Muscular System Over 600 muscles in the body…wowzers!!
Makes up 40-50% of body weight
3 types:
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

21. Muscular System Muscle has 4 main functions: Movement Move substances
Stabilize and maintain body positions
Generate heat

22. Muscular System
Properties
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

23. Large Muscles

24. Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Fascia
3 Layers of fascia:
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

25. Structure of Skeletal Muscle

26. Origin and Insertion of Muscles
Muscles have two attachment points origin and insertion
One stays fixed while the other moves
Origin: more proximal to the center of the body and stays fixed
Insertion: distal to the center body and this is usually the moveable bone

27. Muscles of the trunk Important role in stability
Anterior: rectus abdominus, external obliques
Posterior: erector spinae
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Rectus abdominus
Pubis
5-7th ribs and sternum
External obliques
Lower eight ribs
Ilium
Erector spinae
Ribs, C-T-L vertebrae, ilium
Ribs, C-T-L vertebrae

28. Upper Extremity Muscles
Anterior: deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii
Posterior: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii

29. Muscles of the upper extremity
Origin
Insertion
Deltoid
Scapula, clavicle
Lateral humerus
Pectoralis major
Sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs
Humerus
Biceps brachii
Scapula
Radius, ulna
Trapezius
C-T vertebrae, base of skull
Clavicle, scapula
Latissimus dorsi
Scarum, ilium, T-L vertebrae
Triceps brachii
Scapula, humerus
Ulna

30. Muscles of the lower extremity
Upper leg anterior: iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis)
Lower leg anterior: tibialis anterior

31. Muscles of the lower extremity
Upper posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
Lower posterior: gastrocnemius, soleus

32. Anterior Muscles of the Lower Extremity
Origin
insertion
Iliopsoas
L vertebrae, illium
Inner femur
Sartorius
Ilium
Medial tibia
Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Femur
Patella, upper tibia
Tibialis anterior
Lateral tibia
1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform

33. Posterior Muscles of the Lower Extremity
Origin
Insertion
Gluteus maximus
Posterior ilium, sacrum & coccyx
Lateral femur
Hamstring
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
semimembranosus
ischium, femur
Ischium
Fibula, lateral tibia
Medial tibia
Gastrocnemius
Posterior femur
Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus
Posterior tibia and fibula