1. Countries clustered by implicit attitudes
Implicit Biases Worldwide: Secondary Analysis of Project Implicit Database
Leah Borovoi, , Open University, Israel
Research goals
Materials
Homosexuality
The goals of the study were to map the implicit biases towards the obese people and homosexuals, and to map the gender-career stereotypes across the world.
Test
N of participants
Gender-Career IAT
789,822
Homosexuality IAT
1,773,698
Weight IAT
1,363,130
The (Homo) Sexuality IAT compares how fast and accurately people categorize Gay and Straight people with Bad and Good descriptive terms. The chart below is a distribution of the (homo) sexuality -IAT scores generated by people from different countries. Green indicates no bias against homosexuals.
Strong implicit bias against homosexuals
No implicit bias against homosexuals
Introduction
Countries clustered by implicit attitudes
The Implicit Associations Test (IAT) measures implicit attitudes and biases. Implicit means that people are either unaware of these biases or reluctant to report them. Implicit attitudes predict implicit behavior, behavior under stress and under cognitive load. Project implicit (PI) has been archiving IAT data since 2001 obtained over the web. More than 4 million sessions were started on the IAT-web site. 50.8% of them were completed. The data is accessible from the Open Science Framework (OSF). The archive provides data sets with the score for implicit bias, self report measures and geographical information.
Cluster 4
Cluster 3
Cluster 2
Cluster 1
Bosnia
Albania
Yugoslavia
Morocco
Angola
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Kazakhstan
India
Philippines
Nepal
China
Hong Kong
and others …
Ecuador
Trinidad And Tobago
Panama
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Malaysia
Jamaica
Korea
Singapore
Japan
Bahamas and others …
Hungary
Estonia
Lithuania
Russia
Ukraine
Armenia
Uruguay
Venezuela
Peru
Colombia
Mexico
Syria
Iran and others …
Germany
Slovakia
Ireland
Switzerland
Finland
Sweden
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
USA
Israel
Brazil
Chili and others …
I analyzed the IAT scores geographically and divided countries into clusters according to their similarity in IAT scores using K-clustering algorithm.
Conclusions
From Essentials of Psychology by Saul Kassin, Copyright © Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Obesity
1) Project implicit has been collecting data online for more than 10 years. Millions of volunteers completed one or multiple IAT studies. This data set enables researchers to conduct a wide variety of research studies for free using IAT data along with parallel self- repot measures and demographics.
2) Implicit biases exist even in the most progressed countries (e.g., Sweden and Norway on gender-career IAT). Traditional societies differ from western societies in their implicit attitudes about gays, overweight people and gender stereotypes.
3) Many countries are similar in implicit attitudes to their geographical neighbors. Correlations between the implicit scores of neighbor countries were very high :.521** , .421** and .386** for gender-career, obesity and homosexuality IAT tests respectively.
Gender-Career
The Obesity IAT evaluates how fast and accurately people can categorize Fat people with Bad and Thin people with Good compared to vise versa. The chart below is a distribution of the weight-IAT scores generated by people from different countries. The figure below shows how western culture prefers thinness while disparaging obesity.
The Gender-Career IAT compares how quickly and accurately people are able to categorize career  and domestic word-items with across men and women. Most respondents found it easier to associate Women with Home and Man with Career compared to the reverse. The chart below is a distribution of the IAT scores generated by people from different countries.
References
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit social cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74,
Hebl, M. R., & Heatheron, T. F. (1998). The stigma of obesity in women: The difference is black and white. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24,
Hebl, M. R., & Turchin, J. M. (2005). The stigma of obesity: What about men? Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 27,
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2007). Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes. European Review of Social Psychology, 18,
Strong “women – home” association. Weak “women – career” association
No difference between “women – home” and “women – career” associations
Acknowledgments
Strong implicit preferences to thinness
No implicit preference to thinness
I wish to thank Frank Xu, Brian Nosek, Yoav Bar Anan, N. Sriram, Kate Ratliff, Ivo Vlaev and Kris Patel for collecting the data and other valuable assistance .