1. Introduction to APA Style Citations
Prepared by Martin Schmidt

2. When Do I have to Cite? Did you Yes No Is it common Knowledge? Yes No
Harris, RH. (2005). Using sources effectively: Strengthening your writing and avoiding plagiarism. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.
Did you
Think of it?
Yes No
Is it common
Knowledge?
Yes No
Cite it.
Do not cite it.

3. APA Bible The Bible of APA Style Chapter 6: When and how to cite
Chapter 7: Reference examples
Quoting and Paraphrasing

4. Cite Direct Quotes Less than 40 words (APA 6.03)
Use double quotation marks around the author’s exact words.
Use an identifying phrase. (In text style)
No identifying phrase (parenthetical style).
Para. 4 = 4th paragraph. Often used for online documents without page numbers
But always provide author, year, and specific page number.

5. Block Quotes With More Than 40 Words (APA 6.03)
Use a block quote for more than 40 words.
Do not use quotation marks.
Provide author, year, and specific page number.
Start quote on a new line, indented like a paragraph, double spaced.

6. Paraphrasing (APA 6.04) Do not use quotation marks
Use an identifying phrase (In text style).
Provide author, year, and optional specific page number.

7. One Complete Journal Example With In-Text Reference and Reference List.
Page number(s)
Title of journal
Volume number
Date of publication
Author
Title of article

8. How to Cite an Online Article (EBSCO) in APA
(EBSCO Has “Cite” Option, Entry Double Spaced)
Author(s). (Date of publication). Title of the Article. Title of the Periodical, volume number(issue number), StartPage-EndPage. Retrieved from Persistent Link or Bookmark.
Title of the article
Enter last name first, followed by initials.
Date of publication
Standard elements
Noe, T. H. (2000). Corporate finance, incentives, and strategy. Financial Review, 35(4), 1-8. Retrieved from db=bsh&AN= &site=ehost-live
Retrieved from (used only for online documents not print copies
Volume number
Page Numbers
Title of the periodical (In Italics)
Persistent Link
Issue

9. How to Cite an Online Article (EBSCO) in APA
(EBSCO Has “Cite” Option, Entry Double Spaced)
Author(s). (Publication Year). Title of the Article. Title of the Periodical, volume number(issue number), StartPage-EndPage. doi:DOI.
Publication Year
Title of Artice
For eight or more authors, include the first six authors' names, then insert three ellipses followed by the last author's name.
Travis, F., Haaga, D. F., Hagelin, J., Tanner, M., Nidich, S., Gaylord-King, C., & ... Schneider, R. H. (2009). Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71(2), doi:E /j.ijpsycho
doi:Digital Object Identifier.
Volume number
Page Numbers
Title of the periodical (In Italics)
Issue

10. Citing Sources in the Text APA 6th, p.174
The list of References is important but it must be supplemented by citing the references in text. Usually the author’s last name and the year of publication is sufficient, for direct quotes page numbers are required.
There are two citation styles: “In text” and “Parenthetical”.
Example “In text”: Noe (2000) discusses new directions corporate finance research.
Example “Parenthetical”: The studies suggest new directions in corporate finance research. (Noe, 1989)
Matching reference:
Noe, T. H. (2000). Corporate finance, incentives, and strategy. Financial Review, 35(4), 1-8. Retrieved from db=bsh&AN= &site=ehost-live

11. Repeated Citation in TextAPA 6th, p.177 (Parenthetical Style)
For first citation in text, use last name(s) of authors when one to five authors (Smith, Brown, & Walsh, 2006)
For subsequent citations for one or two authors use first/first and second author (Swanson & Oates, 1989)
For subsequent citation for three to five authors use first author and et al (Smith et al., 2006)
For six or more authors use first author and et al. for first and subsequent citation (Travis et al., 2009)

12. Add Book Reference to References Section at the End of Your Paper
Start References on new page
Center Heading “References” 1 inch from top.
Each entry 1 inch from left side.
Each entry 1 inch from the right side.
Second line of each entry indented by ½ inch.
All entries are double spaced.
Alphabetize by last name of first author.
No author: By title but ignore beginning “a” “an” or “the”.

13. Entries sorted by author or title, if no author is given.
1 inch from left side
References
Lutes, C. (n.d.) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi with Swami Satchadanand. [Photograph]. Retrieved from
Maharishi Foundation USA. (2010). The Transcendental Meditation Program: 8 reasons to meditate: Health. Retrieved from
Stevens, J. E. (1996, October 1) Meditating on the bottom line: Employees encouraged in productive form of rest. Washington Post, p.Z09. Retrieved from
Swanson, G., & Oates, R. (1989). Enlightened management: Building high-performance people. Fairfield, IA: Maharishi International UP.
Travis, F., Haaga, D. F., Hagelin, J., Tanner, M., Nidich, S., Gaylord-King, C., & ... Schneider, R. H. (2009). Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71(2), doi:E /j.ijpsycho
References. Start on new page.
1 inch from top
1 inch from right side
Entries sorted by author or title, if no author is given.
Every entry is double spaced
½” (5 spaces) indent for 2nd, 3rd line.
1 inch from bottom

14. Hand out http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/citing/apa.htm
Citation Elements important to know for citation makers
Citation Example
How to reference in text.

15. For More Examples See http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/citing/apa.htm
Google: Purdue APA
Select from reference lists to the left.

16. Citation Makers Great to get started.
Can save you time but you have to verify entries.
Be consistent with your entries.

17. Electronic Journal Article Example
We will create a citation for this article with the free “Son of Citation Machine”

18. Citation Makers—Son of Citation Machine Google “Citation Machine”
Click on APA

19. Select Your Print or Non-print Source Type
Click on your source type, e.g. “Online Journal Article”

20. Journal Article Entry with DOI
Enter Article details. Will not give error messages for typos or missing elements
Click to add additonal authors
Enter DOI
Or Web Address
Click “Make Citation”

21. Completed Citation Copy Citation into your Reference List.
Copy Citation into your Text.

22. Citation Copied Into Word Document
In text reference (Parenthetical Style)
Reference as part of reference list in alphabetical order
Remember!
Citation Machine will not check your spelling.
Citation machine will not warn you when you leave out essential parts, e.g. name of journal.
When you copy the citation, you might loose the formatting e.g. indentation or italics.
Verify with your handout that all essential elements are present.
Author, other elements are sometimes not available.

23. Hanging Indent in Word 2010
Highlight all the references that you want to indent
Click on Chevron to the right of “Paragraph”
Home Menu
Click “OK”
Select Hanging
Line spacing “Double”

24. References have now a hanging indent.
Hanging Indent in Word 2010
References have now a hanging indent.

25. Other Citation Maker Options
Free NoodleTools Express
Noodle Tools, For larger projects with many citations, also note taking online, $15 annual subscription.
Endnote $114.95, Most sophisticated, Search bibliographic databases on the Internet, organize and create references, learning curve.
30 day free trial
Many other options: Google “citation makers”
Google APA style with the reference type, e.g. APA style images.

26. Special Points for Citing Collected Papers
A reference for an article published in Collected Papers has at least two Parts:
The reference for the article which is different for each article.
The reference to Collected Papers which stays the same for each volume.
If the article was previously published in a journal you also have to reference the journal in which it was published first.
The in-text reference consist of the last name(s) of the author(s), the publication year, and the page number(s).
previously published articles need two publication years.

27. Everything in Black (yellow Call-outs) is different for each article
Article From Collected Papers, Volume 1, Two Authors, Unpublished Paper
Title of Article
Two Authors
Everything in Black (yellow Call-outs) is different for each article
Two Authors
Year
Title of Article
Page number
Everything in BLUE stays the same for all articles in collected Papers, Volume 1.
Author and Title of Collected Papers 1
Place of Publication and Publisher
The in text reference lists the author(s), year, page number(s)

28. Article From Collected Papers, Volume 5, One Author, Published Paper
Title of Article
One Authors
Everything in Black (yellow Call-outs) is different for each article
Original Publications
Page number
Everything in BLUE stays the same for all articles in collected Papers, Volume 1.
One Author
Year
Title of Article
Author and Title of Collected Papers 1
Place of Publication and Publisher
The in text reference lists the author(s), year, page number(s)
Reference to Original Publication: In (), Reprinted from, Journal, Vol, Issue, Year, Page(s)

29. APA Style for MVS Materials
Unpublished article Collected Papers 2
Unpublished article Collected Papers 3
Unpublished article Collected Papers 4

30. APA Style for MVS Materials
TM Movement pamphlet
Modern Science, Vedic Science article
Craig Pearson’s Yogic Flying book

31. APA Style for MVS Materials
Example for unpublished paper in Collected Papers Volume 1
Example for MUM dissertation published with ProQuest
SCI course syllabus

32. APA Style for MVS Materials
Example for SCI course
Example for Maharishi Tape
Example for Maharishi Tape

33. APA Style for MVS Materials
Maharishi’s Thirty years around the world book
Maharishi’s Absolute theory of government book
Nader Ram’s Human physiology book

34. Other APA Style Examples
How to Cite an Online Article (EBSCO).
How to Cite an Online Newspaper Article (Lexis-Nexis).
How to Cite a Single Webpage.
How to Cite a Picture from the Web.

35. How to Cite an Online Article (EBSCO) in APA
(EBSCO Has “Cite” Option, Entry Double Spaced)
Author(s). (Publication Year). Title of the Article. Title of the Periodical, volume number(issue number), StartPage-EndPage. doi:DOI.
Publication Year
Title of Artice
For eight or more authors, include the first six authors' names, then insert three ellipses followed by the last author's name.
Travis, F., Haaga, D. F., Hagelin, J., Tanner, M., Nidich, S., Gaylord-King, C., & ... Schneider, R. H. (2009). Effects of Transcendental Meditation practice on brain functioning and stress reactivity in college students. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71(2), doi:E /j.ijpsycho
doi:Digital Object Identifier.
Volume number
Page Numbers
Title of the periodical (In Italics)
Issue

36. How to Cite an Online Newspaper Article (Lexis-Nexis) in APA (Entry Double Spaced)
Author(s)(if given). (Year, Month Day) Title of the Article. Title of the Newspaper, p.Starting Page Number. Retrieved from Database Link
Title of the article.
Author(s) (often not given)
Date of publication
Stevens, J. E. (1996, October 1) Meditating on the bottom line: Employees encouraged in productive form of rest. Washington Post, p.Z09. Retrieved from
p.Starting page numbers
Title of the Newspaper (In Italics)
Retrieved from Database Link.

37. How to Cite a Single Webpage in APA
Author. (Date of page creation or last revision; Year, Month Date). Full Title of Web Page/Document . Retrieved from URL
Date of publication. Include Month, Date if given.
Look for: Author, Compiler/Compiled by, Maintainer/Maintained by.
Title of the overall Web Site (In Italics). If you site an article give title of article and title of overall web site.
Maharishi Foundation USA. (2010). The Transcendental Meditation Program: 8 reasons to meditate: Health. Retrieved from creativity-peace
URL
Should take the user as close as possible to the actual document.
Retrieved from

38. How to Cite a Picture from the Web in APA
Entries Are Double Spaced
Artist’s Name. (Creation Date). Title of Artwork/Create Brief Title, [Work Type]. Repository, Museum, or Owner, City or Country of Origin. Retrieved from URL
Title of Artwork (in italics)
Artist
Creation Date (use n.d. if no date given)
Lutes, C. (n.d.) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi with Swami Satchadanand. [Photograph]. Retrieved from
URL
Retrieved from
Work Type

39. How to Cite a Table or Figure from an Online Article (EBSCO) in APA
Descriptive note for the table.
(There were… groups.)
Starts with: Note (In Italics)
Source of table. Starts with Reprinted from (or adapted from), the “title of article”, author(s), year, title of journal, volume, issue, page number, doi, Reprinted with permission.
Reference at the end of paper for the table.
To reference a figure just replace “Note” at the beginning with Figure #, e.g. Figure 3. The rest is the same.

40. One Complete Book Example With In-Text Reference and Reference List.
For a complete Reference you will need to know four things:
The elements that are needed for the reference. (author, title …)
The sequence of the elements. (author first, then year…)
The format of each element. (first name initials, italics)
The punctuation between elements. (period, comma, colon…)

41. One Complete Book Example With In-Text Reference and Reference List.
Title
Date
Sub-Title
Authors
Place of Publication
Publisher

42. How to Cite a Book (Print) in APA
Author(s)/Editor(s). (Date of Publication.) Title of Book. City of Publisher, US Postal Abreviation: Publisher.
Standard Elements of a Book Reference APA Style.
Date of publication
List all authors with last name first.
Enter authors as listed on title page.
Enter title in ITALICS.
Only first word in title/subtitle in caps.
Swanson, G., & Oates, R. (1989). Enlightened management: Building high-performance people. Fairfield, IA: Maharishi International UP.
State Postal Abreviation
City of publisher
Publisher

43. Repeated CitationAPA 6th, p.177 (In Text Style)
For first citation in text, use last name(s) of authors when one to five authors: Smith, Brown, and Walsh (2006)
For subsequent citations for one or two authors use first/first and second author: Swanson and Oates (1989)
For subsequent citation for three to five authors use first author and et al.: Smith et al. (2006)
For six or more authors use first author and et al. for first and subsequent citations: Travis et al. (2009)

44. Good Luck With Your Paper.
If you need help,
call me at x3733,
or come to the library,
or me: