1. African-Americans
During the
Gilded Age

2. Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War
13th – Prohibits Slavery
14th – Grants citizenship & “equal protection under the law” to all citizens
15th – Grants all men the right to vote
The problem was that these provisions of the Constitution were NOT ENFORCED

3. I. Political Treatment

4. Intimidation & Violence
Examples
Literacy Tests
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clauses
Intimidation & Violence

6. Examples Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses
Intimidation & Violence
All these limit political participation of blacks

8. II. Economic Treatment

9. Sharecropping

10. Domestic & Manual Jobs

11. III. Social Treatment

12. “Jim Crow” Laws
Become the norm

15. Lynchings

17. IV. Reformers in Conflict
Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois

18. Tuskegee Institute

19. Niagara Movement & NAACP
8:15-11:00
Life for AA,
Washington v. DuBois