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America Moves to the City (1865 – 1900)

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Presentation on theme: "America Moves to the City (1865 – 1900)"— Presentation transcript:

1 America Moves to the City (1865 – 1900)
American Pageant Chap 25 America Moves to the City (1865 – 1900)

2 Reading Questions What was “New Immigration” and why did it arouse opposition from any native-born Americans? What changes in American religious life took place in the late nineteenth century? What changes occurred in the literary and cultural life of the period? What was the impact of the widespread trend toward” realism”?

3 Vocabulary "accommodationist" "dumbbell" tenements Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. Du Bois NAACP Hatch Act of 1887 patent medicines "yellow journalism" "divorce revolution" National American Women's Suffrage Association Ida B. Wells WCTU Columbian Exposition vaudeville minstrel shows "dumbbell" tenements New Immigrants "birds of passage" "social gospel" Jane Addams Hull House "nativism" American Protective Society Statue of Liberty Salvation Army YMCA, YWCA "survival of the fittest" Fundamentalists Chautauqua movement

4 Urbanization (How we live)

5 Urban Growth The push-pulls of immigration:
Oppression Jobs Freedom Hunger Where do these people all go? The cities of the North and Midwest Urban population 1870: 10 million Urban population 1920: 54 million (Urban population today: 225 million, 75% of total US population of 300,000,000)

6 Why cities? Cities offer jobs
Industry located in cities Countryside shedding people, i.e., no work Technology and land consolidation reducing number of farmhands needed African–Americans tried to escape the sharecropping, Jim Crow, segregated, post-reconstruction South

7 Urbanization Technology Department stores Sewage and trash
Electric trolleys Suburbs Brooklyn Bridge Flatiron Building Department stores Mail-order (Ward, Sears)for the farmers Sewage and trash “Dumbbell” tenement

8 Immigration Old Immigrants/New Immigrants Eastern and Southern Europe
“melting pot”? / assimilation America fever “birds of passage” Political machines

9 Overcrowding leads to:
Exploding Slums Row houses Tenements Many families packed in together No water, light Ventilation, sewage Garbage Disease From filth and overcrowding and vermin From contaminated water Fire Wooden buildings Open flames Little water, useless fire departments Solutions? Modern Apartments Suburbia Building codes that specify lighting, sanitation, ventilation Sprawl made possible by mass transit (streetcar to auto) Municipal Sanitation: Garbage collection Chlorinated water Sewage systems Fire protection Building codes Fire depts with modern equipment

10 Reform Again, like so may movements, religious-based
Aimed to improve the poor, not by lecturing them on virtue, but by trying to alleviate suffering directly with aid Turned to the systematic problems of urbanization to push for implementation of solutions from last slide.

11 Reform Social Gospel movement
Apply Christian principles to social problems Walter Rauschenbusch - NY minister and leader of movement Jane Addams – Hull house/Settlement Houses Churches Salvation Army - came from England in 1879 Christian Science – Mary Baker Eddy health tied to correct thinking about "Father Mother God" YMCA / YWCA Henry George Progress and Poverty - single tax on land to end poverty called attention to wealth inequality Edward Bellamy Looking Backward and what America would be like in 2000

12 Antiforeignism (Nativism)
American Protective Association Organized labor Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Anarchists Statue of Liberty (1886)

13 Education “Normal schools” – teacher training
Kindergarten - from Germany Tax-supported public high schools Chautauqua Movement – public lectures, home study Falling illiteracy - 90% literate in 1900 Higher Education Morrill Land Act 0f 1862 Gave federal land to the states for education Hatch Act of 1887 Federal funds to establish agricultural schools By 1900 over 100 coeducational colleges founded Johns Hopkins (1876) - 1st university to specialize in advanced graduate studies

14 Black people in the time of Jim Crow
Booker T. Washington – accomodationist vocational training and jobs would lead to better treatment of Blacks W.E.B. Du Bois – equality now "talented tenth" - equal access to higher education for top 10% of Black students Niagara Movement National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

15 Women: Rights and Reform
National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman Catt Ida B. Wells Women’s Christian Temperance Union Frances Willard Carrie A. Nation Anti-Saloon League American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) American Red Cross

16 Leisure Time Came about because of: Vaudeville - a variety of acts
a gradual reduction of the hours people worked improved transportation promotional billboards and advertising decline of restrictive Puritan and Victorian values that discouraged "wasting" time in play Vaudeville - a variety of acts Minstrel shows Circuses P.T. Barnum and James A. Bailey Wild West shows "Buffalo Bill" Cody Annie Oakley Spectator Sports Baseball Football Boxing Basketball Amateur Sports Croquet Bicycles Upper Class Sports Golf Tennis Polo Yachting

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