1. Origins, Historical Development and Influential People of Person Centred Theory

2. Learning Outcomes Investigate the development of Person-Centred Theory
From Socrates to Tudor and beyond

3. Humanistic Therapy
Arose as a response to the limitations of Freud and Skinner
Based in the philosophy of Socrates
A person’s inherent drive towards self-actualisation
Really it’s about trusting in humanity and believing that each human is valuable and worthy
Behaviourism = skinner
Psychoanyaltic = Freud = limited
Socrates = No one desires evil.
No one errs or does wrong willingly or knowingly.
Virtue—all virtue—is knowledge.
Virtue is sufficient for happiness.

5. The origins Born in 1902 Carl Ransom Rogers Wrote 16 books!
Based on the phenomenal field personality theory of Combs and Snygg 1949

6. Combs and Snygg 1949
Phenomenal Field, or subjective reality is all that we are aware of, including objects and people and our behaviours, thoughts and images
Hunter McCabe & Zach King
Hunter McCabe & Zach King (2013)

7. Combs and Snygg 1949
Phenomenal Theory is a theory that states that one has to walk in another's shoes to understand their beliefs, education, etc
Referred to as a phenomenological theory
Hunter McCabe & Zach King (2013)

8. Theoretical Base Based on Nineteen Propositions
Development of Personality
Organismic Valuing Process
Fully functioning person
6 necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change
Organismic Valuing Process will come up again as we move along

9. Rogers Quotes

10. Next Professor Dave Mearns Brian Thorne
Developed Rogers into Person Centred Counselling in Action
Professor Dave Mearns
Brian Thorne

11. And so to: Self concept Conditions of worth Organismic Valuing Process
Locus of Evaluation

12. Self Concept
The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself.
Rogers (1959) believes that the self concept has three different components:
The view you have of yourself (Self image)
How much value you place on yourself (Self esteem or self-worth)
What you wish you were really like (Ideal self)
1) Physical Description: I’m tall, have blue eyes...etc. 2) Social Roles: We are all social beings whose behaviour is shaped to some extent by the roles we play. Such roles as student, housewife, or member of the football team not only help others to recognize us but also help us to know what is expected of us in various situations. 3) Personal Traits: These are a third dimension of our self-descriptions. “I’m impulsive...I’m generous...I tend to worry a lot”...etc. 4) Existential Statements (abstract ones): These can range from "I’m a child of the universe" to "I’m a human being" to "I’m a spiritual being"...etc.

13. Self image
What is yours?

14. Self-esteem/Self-worth
tests/selfesteem.php
Fun test

15. Ideal Self
Michael Argyle (2008) says there are four major factors which influence its development:
The ways in which others (particularly significant others) react to us.
How we think we compare to others
Our social roles
The extent to which we identify with other people
This is really about what we perceive the world to believe to be our ideal self

17. Ideal Self Real Self Actualisation Organismic Valuing Positive regard
Positive Self-Regard
Ideal Self
Society
Conditions of worth
Conditional Positive Regard
Conditional positive self-regard
The bigger the gap between our real self and our ideal self, the less fulfilled we are, the less likely to achieve self-actualisation
So we configure our self into something that works

18. Organismic Valuing Process
Being affirmed in their ability to trust their own thoughts and feelings and to make decisions in accordance with their own perceptions and desires.
Taught to trust themselves Carl Rogers described our actualizing tendency as being an 'organismic valuing process', where we select goals based on our inner nature and purpose.
This process may include any of the following principles:
Authenticity: Getting away from defensive superficiality and being oneself.
Autonomy: Moving away from what you 'should' to and making your own decisions.
Unconditional positive self-regard: Judging and accepting yourself as valuable and worthwhile, including all thoughts and emotional reactions.
Process living: Recognising that we are in a constant state of becoming and never reach a final end point.
Relatedness: Seeking close and deep relationships where you can truly appreciate and understand other people.
Openness to inner and outer experience: Being able to perceive and accept how others and oneself behaves and feels.
If the process of organismic valuing is continued over time then the person will become more closely aligned with their natural values. In doing so, they will become more relaxed and at ease with their life.

19. Conditions of worth
If we follow these conditions then we have worth

20. Locus of Evaluation
Client needs to have an internal locus of evaluation
Internal locus of evaluation: Judgement based on one's own view, rather than seeking the approval of others

22. Then came ...
Colin Lago – Race Culture and Counselling we will look at in more detail in next unit
Keith Tudor – wrote a fabulous book on TA but in this instance we need to talk

23. References Hunter McCabe & Zach King (2013)
Dave Mearns & Brian Thorne – Person-Centred Counselling in Action
McLeod, S. A. (2008). Self Concept. Retrieved from
binaries/66131_Mearns.pdf
Rogers, Carl. (1961). On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy. London: Constable