1. CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE

2. ABOUT CCNA
This certification builds a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking.
CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN and daily access services for small networks (100 modes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, SERIAL FRAME-RELAY, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP ETHERNET, ACCESS-LISTS.

3. Introduction to Routers
Router user interface
The Cisco IOS software uses a command-line interface (CLI) as the traditional console environment.
This environment is accessible through several methods:
Console
AUX port (modem)
Telnet

4. Establishing a HyperTerminal session
Router
Console port
Terminal or a PC with terminal emulation software
Rollover cable
Com1 or Com2 serial port
Take the following steps to connect a terminal to the console port on the router:
Connect the terminal using the RJ-45 to RJ-45 rollover cable and an RJ-45 to DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter.
Configure the terminal or PC terminal emulation software for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control.

5. Router user interface modes
The IOS provides a command interpreter service known as the command executive (EXEC).
After each command is entered, the EXEC validates and executes the command.
The levels are user EXEC mode and privileged EXEC mode.

6. CLI command modes Router#configure terminal Router(config)#

7. Configuring router passwords
Not recommended, clear text
Encrypts the passwords above, but…
Use this command instead, password is encryped
Router(config)#enable secret <password>

8. Configuring a serial interface
On serial links that are directly interconnected, as in a lab environment, one side must be considered a DCE and provide a clocking signal.
The clock is enabled and speed is specified with the clock rate command.
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

9. Access Control List ACL
It is also called Network Traffic Control Management (NTCM). We can provide restrictions to individual users, subnets and services etc.
ACL
Standard ACL
Extended ACL
Any access list is identified by its number.
S. A. L – 99
Ex. A. L

10. Rules for creating and implementing Access List
Access list must begin with the Deny Statements (If exists) then Permit Statements must follow.
There must be at least one Permit Statement as an Implicit “Deny All” always exists.
While Implementation of Access list, There must be only one Access list per Interface, per direction and per protocol.

11. Standard Access List S 0 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2 S 0 E 0 5.50 E 0 1.50
Router B
Router A E E
5.4
5.1
1.4
1.1
5.3
5.2
1.3
1.2
Syntax
Router(config)# Access-list ALNO P/D Src Src-WCM
Router(config)# Int <name of interface>
Router(Config-if)#Ip Access-Group <Direction>

12. SWITCHES
Layer 2 switching is the process of using the hardware address of devices on LAN to segment a network.
In multiple links between switches we face multi looping problems. To solve this problem switches run Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

13. Virtual LAN (VLAN)
A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a switched.
A group of users that need an unusually high level of security can be put into its own VLAN so that users outside of the VLAN can’t communicate with them. So it provide security.

14. Adding a VLAN Switch>show vlan Switch>enable
Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vlan vlan-id name vlan-name
Switch(vlan)#exit or ^z.

15. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
STP is a loop-prevention protocol
Uses the Spanning Tree Alogithm
STP allows L2 devices to communicate with each other to discover physical loops in the network.
STP specifies an algorithm that L2 devices can use to create a loop-free logical topology.

16. Configuring STP
By default, STP is enabled for every port on the switch.
If for some reason STP has been disabled, you can reenable it.
To re-enable STP, use the
Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-id
To disable STP, on a per-VLAN basis:
Switch(config)#no spanning-tree vlan vlan-id

17. FRAME RELAY
A packet-switched technology that made its debut in the early 1990s, Frame Relay is a high-performance Data Link and Physical layer specification. An upside to Frame Relay is that it can be more cost effective than point-to-point links, plus it typically runs at speeds of 64Kbps up to 45Mbps (T3). Another Frame Relay benefit is that it provides features for dynamic bandwidth allocation and congestion control.

18. Frame-Relay Map Statements
HubCity
interface Serial0
ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
(Inverse-ARP still works here)
Spokane
ip address
frame-relay map ip
frame-relay map ip
Spokomo
ip address
frame-relay map ip
frame-relay map ip
Frame-Relay Map Statements
Notice that the routers are configured to use either IARP or Frame Relay maps. Using both on the same interface will cause problems.

19. THANK YOU