1. A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Chapter 10:
A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

2. Charlemagne:
(9:39)
Grandson of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)
Built an Empire from the North Sea to the Mediterranean - included most of modern France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Northern Italy
Supported by the Pope
He spread Christianity throughout conquered lands.
Re-birth of Education at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)

3. Charlemagne: Founder of the Holy Roman Empire
Differences from the “real” Roman Empire:
How did Charlemagne get the crown? How long did he reign
Effect of Charlemagne on Christianity?

4. Charlemagne: Charlemagne’s Bureaucracy:
Charlemagne’s effect on Education:
What happened on Christmas Day, 800 C.E.?
What group “threatened” Charlemagne?

5. The Vikings:
Where did the Vikings come from?
What part of Europe did they first raid?
How did the “engineering” of the Viking ships make them more dangerous?

6. The Vikings: (stop after 3:15 minutes)
Examples of Viking terror:
After Death of Charlemagne there was no one to protect the people from the Vikings.

7. Feudalism: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCPp7XWZfHo
Where did feudalism originate?
What is the basis of the system of feudalism?

8. Feudalism:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

9. Feudalism, Cont… Examples of Service: Parts of a Manor:
Characteristics of Serfs:

10. Feudalism, Cont…
Characteristics of Knights/Training:
Purpose of Tournaments:

11. William the Conqueror & the Battle of Hastings
Why was the Battle of Hastings significant?

12. Division of the Church: East vs. West
Milennium Series Clip of the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzantine Church in the 11th Century (7:43)
Why did pilgrimages to Jerusalem increase during the 11th Century?
Who holds the keys to the doors of the Church of the Holy Sepulture? Why?

13. Division of the Church: East vs. West, Cont…
Site of Head of the Eastern Church?
Site of Head of the Western Church?
What happened in 1054?

14. Division of the Church: East vs. West, Cont…
What version of Christendom spread into Western Europe?

15. Church & State Disagreements:
Thomas Becket's Excommunication of English Lord
Definition of Excommunication.
Why was excommunication usually an effective threat for a king?
How was the Church a powerful institution in the Middle Ages?

16. Cross Cultural Connections: The Crusades
Why did the Crusades begin?
How did Muslims in al-Andalus (Iberia/Spain) help return learning and culture to Europe?
Why were the Crusades significant?

17. Trade in Europe
Europe’s growing population needed goods that were not available to them.
As foreign invasions and feudal warfare declined, trade increased in a variety of areas.

18. Europe and the Little Ice Age
What were the effects of the Little Ice Age in Europe?
How did the Little Ice Age contribute to the decline of urban areas in this period?
What effect did the peasant rebellions have on government?

19. Europe & the Little Ice Age, Cont…
What other events throughout 600 – 1450 C.E. contributed to the fall of cities? Think!
What factors led to the revival of cities throughout the C.E. period? Think!

20. The Commercial Revolution
The revival of trade led to a revolution in commerce.
As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy goods. The reintroduction of money led European merchants to develop new business practices, such as:
Setting up banks.
Joining together to set up partnerships.
Developing insurance.
Adopting the bill of exchange.

21. Social Changes
The commercial revolution not only transformed the medieval economy, it also reshaped medieval society.
The use of money undermined serfdom. Most peasants became tenant farmers or hired farm laborers.
In towns, a new middle class of merchants, traders, and artisans emerged.
The Church forbade Christians from becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from other professions, many took on this role.

22. Guilds
In medieval towns, merchants and artisans formed associations called guilds.
Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and making other important decisions.
A craft guild was made up of workers in a particular occupation. To prevent competition, only a certain number of people could work in any trade.
Becoming a guild member involved many years of hard work.

23. The Effect of the Plague
Why did the Black Death spread?
What were the effects of the Black Death?
Bring Out Your Dead

24. Power Shifts to the People
Toward the end of the Middle Ages the power of the kings increased. As it did, the rights of the people were often violated.

25. Power to the People
Citizens took steps to ensure their rights as citizens of a nation.
How was this fictional King John able to gain fighters/ supporters from the commoners?

26. Magna Carta, 1215 “Great Charter” Monarchs were not above the law.
King John I
“Great Charter”
Monarchs were not above the law.
Kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
Forced to sign by nobility
Originally defends rights of the nobility

27. Power Shifts to the People
How did the 100 Years War encourage the power of kings?

28. Power Shifts to the People
Braveheart FREEDOM Speech
To whom did William Wallace pledge his allegiance?

29. End of the Hundred Years War: Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc in the Battlefield
Joan of Arc condemned to die at the stake
How did Joan of Arc play a significant role in the Hundred Years War?

30. End of the Hundred Years War
Kings
Cannons
Questioning Authority of the Church
Ideas from around the World / Printing Press