1. Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs
Fennel

2. Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Fennel

3. On completion of this period you would be able to Know:
Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to Know:
Biological Source
Microscopical characters
Chemical constituents &
Uses of Fennel.

4. Known to unknown Q. How did you identify ? Identify this photograph
A: We are familiar with /We saw
them earlier/We use them in our house.
FIG 87.1

5. Q. Are you sure they are genuine Fennel?
Ans: Yes
Q. How do you confirm?
Ans: As they appear in that form.
Q. Is there any method of identify for genuine crude drugs?
Ans: Morphological features / Histological features

6. Biological source Consists of dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare
FIG 87. 2
Consists of dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare
Family : Umbelliferae

7. T.S of Fennel Fruit
Fig 87.3

8. Microscopy T.S of microscopy of a MSericarp of Fennel shows 1.Pericarp
a) Epicarp
b) Mesocarp
c) Endocarp
2. Seed
a) Testa
b) Endosperm

9. Pericarp
Epicarp :
A layer of quadrangular to polygonal cells with smooth cuticle.
Fig 87.4

10. Pericarp (contd) Mesocarp:
Reticulate Lignified parenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles.
1)Vascular bundles:
Five in number,bicollateral,
present below each primary
ridge.
2)Vittae:
Schizogenous oil cells
- 4 on dorsal side
- 2 on commissural
surface
Fig 87. 5

11. Narrow elongated cells having parquetry arrangement.
Pericarp (contd)
Endocarp:
Narrow elongated cells having parquetry arrangement.
Fig 87.6

12. Seed
Testa:
Single layered.
Yellowish brown
in colour.
Fig 87.7

13. Endosperm Thick walled. Polygonal.
Cellulosic parenchyma containing oil globules (fixed oils).
Aleurone grains and rosette crystals of calcium oxalate.
Fig 87.8

14. Raphe
A single ridge of vascular strands, appears in the middle of Commissural surface.
Fig 87.9

15. Carpophore
Very thick walled Sclerenchyma in two strands.
Fig 87.10

16. Chemical constituents
Volatile oils (4-6%)
1. Anethole - Sweet odour and taste
2. Fenchone - Colorless pungent liquid
and aromatic odour.
Fixed oils (12-18%)
Proteins (14-22%)

17. Uses Carminative Aromatic Respiratory stimulant Expectorant
Flavoring agent

18. QUIZ 1. Fennel is volatile oil containing fruit crude drug? Ans: Yes
(or) No
2. Where will be vascular bundles are present in fennel
In Endosperm
In Testa
Under the primary ridges
None of the above
3. Where will be the volatile oil present in fennel fruit ?
In Vascular bundles
In Vttae

19. Frequently asked questions
1. Write the monograph of Fennel. (Oct/Nov 2006)
2. Explain the histological study of Fennel.
3. Write the anatomical study of Fennel.
4. Write the Biological source, Family, Morphology of Fennel. (June 2002 & October 2002)