1. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Learning Objectives Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3. Plot of Data in Time Order
Marginal plot produced by MINITAB
Also called a run chart
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

4. Histograms – Useful for large data sets
3.1 Describing Variation
Histograms – Useful for large data sets
Group values of the variable into bins, then count the number of observations that fall into each bin
Plot frequency (or relative frequency) versus the values of the variable
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

5. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

6. Additional Minitab Graphs
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

7. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

8. Numerical Summary of Data
Sample average:
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

9. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

10. The Standard Deviation
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

11. The Box Plot (or Box-and-Whisker Plot)
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

12. Comparative Box Plots Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

13. Probability Distributions
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

14. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

15. Sometimes called a probability mass function
Sometimes called a probability density function
Will see many examples in the text
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

16. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

17. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

18. The mean is the point at which the distribution exactly “balances”.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

19. The mean is not necessarily the 50th percentile of the distribution (that’s the median)
The mean is not necessarily the most likely value of the random variable (that’s the mode)
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

20. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

21. 3.2 Important Discrete Distributions
The Hypergeometric Distribution
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

22. Discrete distributions are used frequently in designing acceptance sampling plans – see Chapter 15
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

23. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .

24. The Binomial Distribution
Basis is in Bernoulli trials
The random variable x is the number of successes out of n Bernoulli trials with constant probability of success p on each trial
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

25. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

26. Binomial Distributions
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

27. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

28. The Poisson Distribution
Frequently used as a model for count data
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

29. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

30. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

31. The Negative Binomial Distribution
The random variable x is the number of Bernoulli trials upon which the rth success occurs
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

32. The geometric distribution has many useful applications in SQC
The negative binomial distribution is also sometimes called the Pascal distribution
When r = 1 the negative binomial distribution is known as the geometric distribution
The geometric distribution has many useful applications in SQC
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .

33. 3.3 Important Continuous Distributions
The Normal Distribution
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

34. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

35. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

36. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

37. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

38. Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

39. The Central Limit Theorem
Practical interpretation – the sum of independent random variables is approximately normally distributed regardless of the distribution of each individual random variable in the sum
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

40. The Exponential Distribution
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

41. Relationship between the Poisson and exponential distributions
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

42. Lack-of-memory property
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

43. The Weibull Distribution
Chapter 3
Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. Copyright (c) 2012  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

44. When β = 1, the Weibull reduces to the exponential
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

45. An Application of the Weibull Distribution
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

46. 3.5 Some Useful Approximations
Chapter 3
Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery.
Copyright (c) 2013  John Wiley & Sons, Inc.