1. Gross Motor Develoment

2. Fetal growth and development

3. The first trimester
From conception through 12 weeks
The first trimester is a highly sensitive period in the development of the baby.
Harmful substances that are ingested can affect the normal growth and development of the fetus.
Conception through the 10th week is referred to as the embryonic period.
This is the critical period of time when all of the major organs and structures are forming.

4. From conception through 12 weeks
1) At 5th week:
The embryo is :
About one-half inch long
Weighs less than an ounce.
Its brain, heart, lungs, eyes, ears, arms, and legs are forming.
2)At 8th week:
The fingers are distinct
The beginnings of all essential external and internal structures are present.
3) At 10th week:
the embryo is known as a fetus.
The face has a human profile and all of the major organs have formed.
It is now about 4 inches long and weighs about one ounce.
The heartbeat can now be heard with a Doppler stethoscope and can also be easily
seen on ultrasound examination.
The kidneys have begun to secrete urine, which partly makes up the amniotic fluid
around the baby.
Teeth buds are present in the gums.

5. The second trimester
From 13 weeks through 28 weeks.
The second trimester is a period of rapid growth for the fetus Sexual differentiation is beginning to show. By the 16th week: it is about 6 inches long weighs about 5 ounces It moves about, swallows amniotic fluid, and has periods of sleep and wakefulness.

6. The final trimester
From 29 weeks until delivery.
The final trimester marks the period of final growth.
During the last month of pregnancy:
the baby can gain as much as half a
pound a week.
The average baby will weigh about 7 ½ pounds,
The range at full term from 5 ½ pounds up to
over 9 pounds!
Fetal movement during this period of time is a
good indicator of fetal well being.

7. Virginia Apgar‘s method of evaluating newborn infant
Virginia Apgar‘s method of evaluating newborn infant is now in standard use to evaluate the newborn one minute after birth. It is useful to make serial Apgar score: the longer the score remaine low the worse the prognosis with regard to mortality or neurological sequel.
Total score:
8 – Good
Fair
0 – Poor condition
Score
Heart rate
Respiratory effort
Reflex irritability
Muscle tone
Color 2
Normal cry
Good
Pink 1
100
Irregular and shallow
Moderately depressed
Fair
Pale
No heart beat observed
Apnea for more than 60 sec.
Absent
Flaccid
Cyanotic

8. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

9. Stages of Motor Development in Infants and young children

10. Month One: Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Can lift chin slihtly Hands fisted/reflexive grasp
Head lag in ventral suspension
Flexion attitude in prone
lying position

11. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Two
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Wobbly head while sitting Swipes toys with /hands
Head Lag
Head lag when pull to sit

12. Month Three Gross Motor Skill Fine Motor Skill Holds head steady in sitting Hands open Rolls back to side Grasps/holds an object Puts weight on arms while on tummy Hands play at midline

13. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Four
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Sits on propped arms Reaches with both arms/hands
Rolls tummy to side Brings fingers/hands in mouth
No head lag seen when pulled Squeeze grasp emerging
to sit

14. Month Five
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Rolls tummy to back Reaches with good aim
Wiggles few feet forward Puts objects/toys in mouth
Pushes up with arms Picks up spoon or cup by handle
while on belly Starts grabbing feet
Sits propped on hands

15. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Six
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Sits briefly independently Reaches precisely and grasps objects
Sits in a highchair Transfers toys from hand to hand
Rolls over both ways Bangs a cup on a table

16. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Seven
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Sits unsupported~30 seconds Crosses midline when reaching
Rocks on all fours Uses whole hand to rake in objects
Pivots in a circle while on tummy Thumb to finger grasp emerging

17. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Eight
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Transitions tummy to sit Bangs cubes together
Crawls forward Uses a three-fingered grasp
Reaches while on tummy

18. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Nine
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Transitions sit to tummy Uses thumb to index grasp (crude)
Pulls to stand while holding on Crude release of objects
Creeps on all fours Drops toys and objects
Stands while leaning on furniture Points index finger

19. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Ten
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Cruises along furniture Pokes with fingers
Stands unsupported briefly Uses thumb to index finger
grasp (precise)
Transfers from crawl to sit Stacks objects

20. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Eleven
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Stands unsupported Releases a cube at will
Walks with hands held Removes pegs from a pegboard

21. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Month Twelve
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
First independent step Puts objects in a container
Stands unsupported~12 seconds Releases an object precisely
Assumes/maintains kneeling Stacks two one-inch cubes

22. Months Twelve-Fifteen Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Walks independently Throws objects
Creeps/climbs stairs Places rings on a peg
Tries to climb out of highchair Makes marks with crayons
Squats to play Holds large crayon in fisted grasp
Kneels
Stoops and recovers Builds a 2 block tower

23. Months Fifteen-Eighteen
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Walks in circles/backwards Directional scribble using crayons
Walks up stairs with help Throws a ball
Balance reactions in standing Builds a 3-block tower
Scribbles spontaneously
Tries to kick balls
Climbs on furniture
Pulls toy while walking

24. Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Months Eighteen-Twenty-Four
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Runs Unwraps things
Jumps in place/off a step
Pedals a tricycle Builds a 6-block tower
Kicks a stationary ball Holds crayon with thumb and fingers
Walks up stairs independently Turns 2-3 pages at a time
Throws a ball overhand Imitates vertical stroke with crayon
Propels “ride-on” toys forward

25. Months Twenty-Four-Thirty-Six (2-3 years old)
Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills
Hops on one foot Turns pages one at a time
Walks up stairs alternating feet Builds a 9 block tower
Walks down stairs alternating feet Unscrews lid of a jar
Walks backward Imitates horizontal line,
Balances on one foot briefly cross circle
Throws overhand at a target Holds pencil in hand instead of fist
Catches a rolled ball Makes snips with scissors
Throws a small ball 2 feet Unbuttons
Rides a tricycle using pedals