1. Ch. 4 Birth and the Newborn Baby
Review

2. Just for fun …

3. Childbirth 1) What happens during each stage of childbirth?
2) Distinguish between stages of labor and the phases of labor.
3) Describe some elements of natural childbirth.
4) What are some common medical interventions that might be used during childbirth?

4. The Newborn Baby
1) Describe some common physical characteristics of the newborn baby.
2) What assessment is commonly used to provide a quick measure of newborn health immediately after birth and at 5 minutes? What does it measure?
3) What is the single best predictor of newborn survival?
4) What does the term infant mortality mean?

5. Premature Babies
1) Babies are considered premature if they are born ______ weeks or more before the end of a full 38-week pregnancy or if the weigh less than _______ pounds.
2) Distinguish between preterm and small-for-date babies.
3) Of the two types of babies (preterm/small-for- date) infants usually have more serious problems.

6. Newborn Reflexes
1) A reflex is a(n) (learned / inborn) response to a particular form of stimulation.
2) Match each reflex with the appropriate response or function descriptor.
_____ Spontaneous grasp of adult’s finger A. palmar grasp
_____ Helps infant find the nipple B. stepping
_____ Prepares infant for voluntary walking C. rooting
_____ Permits feeding D. sucking
_____ In our evolutionary past, may have E. moro
helped infant cling to mother
3) When do most newborn reflexes disappear?

7. Newborn States of Arousal
Match each state of arousal with its characteristics.
_____ Regular sleep, or NREM
_____ Irregular sleep, or REM
_____ Drowsiness
_____ Quiet alertness
_____ Waking activity and crying
Inactive body, open and attentive eyes, even breathing
Bursts of uncoordinated body activity, irregular breathing
Eyes open and close, glazed when open; even breathing
Minimal body activity, no eye movements, even breathing
Gentle limb and rapid eye movements, irregular breathing

8. Newborn Senses if statement is “false,” indicate why
1) True or False: Infants are born with a poorly developed sense of touch, and consequently, they are not sensitive to pain. 2) True or False: Infants not only have taste preferences, but they are also capable of communicating these preferences to adults through facial expressions. 3) True or False: Newborn infants are attracted to the scent of a lactating woman, but they are unable to discriminate the smell of their own mother’s breast from that of an unfamiliar lactating woman. 4) True or False: Infants prefer pure tones to complex sounds. 5) Vision is the (most/least) mature of the newborn baby’s

9. Chapter 4 Review Answers

10. Childbirth Answers
Stage 1: contraction of the uterus begins and intensifies; dilation (opening) and effacement (thinning) of the cervix; longest of the 3 stages
Stage 2: pushing and birth of the baby
Stage 3: delivery of the placenta
2) The 3 phases of labor are the subcategories of the 1st stage of labor. Phase 1 is referred to as early or latent labor; it’s when the cervix begins to open (to about 3 cm) and starts to thin. Phase 2 is referred to as active labor; it’s when the cervix continues to open (about 4-6 cm) and continues to thin. Phase 3 is the end of stage 1 and is referred to as transition; it’s when the cervix fully dilates (opens 7-10 cm) and fully thins (becomes 100% effaced).

11. Childbirth Answers continued
A group of techniques involving education, relaxation and support.
Interventions include: fetal monitoring, use of medication, labor induction, use of instruments to aide in delivery, and ceasarian births.

12. The Newborn Baby Answers
On average about 7-1/2 pounds and 20 inches. Head is large compared to the rest of the body. (Hopefully) a healthy pinkish color.
APGAR. Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. Quick assessment of overall health. Score of 7-10 indicates healthy baby.
Birth weight (assuming other factors are equal)
Number of deaths in first year of life per 1000 live births

13. Premature Babies Answers
3, 5-1/2
preterm = before term, so born several weeks earlier than expected
small-for-date = smaller than expected for length of pregnancy
small-for-date

14. Newborn Reflexes Answers
inborn
A, C, B, D, E
By 6 months, often coordinating into more complex behaviors

15. Newborn State of Arousal Answers
D, E, C, A, B

16. Newborn Senses Answers
False; infants have a well developed sense of touch and can feel pain
True
False; infants can distinguish their mother’s smell from that of others
False; infants prefer complex sounds
least