1. Modern Latin America (1945 to Present)

2. Mexico 1940-1980 “The Mexican Miracle” (period of economic growth)
1946 Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) = authoritarian govt.
1960’s social inequality
1982 Economic Crisis
PRI begins political decline
1994 NAFTA signed
GDP (PPP) rank = 11th
1994 December Economic
Crisis (U.S. sends aide)
1997 non-PRI party wins
control of congress
2000 Democratization
(Vicente Fox elected first
non- PRI president)
2006 Felipe Calderon wins
2000’s Mexico Drug Wars

3. Nicaragua 1940’s Somoza reigns as dictator
1956 Somoza assassinated (family still has power)
1960’s-1970’s economic growth
(oil & beef exports)
1979 Sandinistas lead revolution & seize power
Daniel Ortega leader; moves toward communism
GDP (PPP) rank = 125th
1980’s Contras vs. Sandinistas in civil war
1990 election = democratic reforms
2006 Daniel Ortega elected president
2011 re-elected Ortega

4. Brazil GDP (PPP) rank = 7th 1945 dictator removed by army
democracy & economic boom
1964 military coup est. dictatorship
Brazilian Miracle
1985 elections = democracy returns
1990’s free market reforms
1998 economic crisis & recession
2000’s political stability
#1 economy in Latin America

5. Argentina GDP (PPP) rank = 21st 1943 military coup = dictatorship
1946 Juan Peron chosen as leader (wife is Eva Peron)
1955 military coup overthrows Peron
1960’s political turmoil & violence
1973 Juan Peron elected president
1976 military coup
Dirty War
1982 Invasion of Falkland Islands
1983 free elections
1990’s-2000’s democracy
economic recession
2003-Present economic growth

6. Chile 1940’s-1960’s = model for stable democracy in region
1970 Salvador Allende elected president = economic decline
1973 military coup; Allende killed; Augusto Pinochet
becomes ruthless dictator
Chile
GDP (PPP) rank = 43rd
1980’s economy improves
1988 plebiscite held; choose democracy
Patricio Aylwin Azocar president; Pinochet military leader
1990’s economic prosperity (1st in region)
2000’s growing & stable economy
2006 Pinochet dies

7. 1940’s-1970’s = rotation between democracy & military govt
1940’s-1970’s = rotation between democracy & military govt.; economic problems
1980’s = economic depression; terrorism by Shining Path & Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)
Peru
1990 Alberto Fujimori elected president
2000 Fujimori flees & is arrested
2000’s economic growth; terrorists still active
GDP (PPP) rank = 40th

8. 1945-1974 = La Violencia results in rotation between democracy & military govt.
1970’s = model stable economy; FARC (guerilla group) vs. govt.
Colombia
GDP (PPP) rank = 40th
1970’s = Drug Era begins
1980’s = war on drugs
1990’s = drug wars and violence
2000’s U.S. aides in fight against violence; overall decrease across nation

9. El Salvador GDP (PPP) rank = 93rd 1940’s-1960’s = dictatorship
1969 = Football War (invasion of Honduras)
1970’s = govt. protests
= civil war
1992 = Chapultepec Peace Accords ends civil war
1990’s = FMLN vs. ARENA for political power
2000’s = poor economy
2009 = FMLN candidate wins presidency

10. Panama 1940’s-1950’s = a republic 1950’s = military challenges govt.
1964 = Martyrs’ Day riots
1968 = military coup; Omar Torrijos dictator
1977 = Torrijos-Carter Treaty
1981 = Torrijos dies; Manuel Noriega dictator
GDP (PPP) rank = 90th
1980’s = U.S. & Panama relations strained (drugs)
1989 = U.S. Invasion of Panama
1990’s = moves to democracy
1999 = U.S. turns over control
of Panama Canal
2000’s = war on drugs; economic investments

11. Cuba
Cold War Battleground:
1961 = Bay of Pigs Invasion
1962 = Cuban Missile Crisis
= U.S. trade/travel embargo
GDP (PPP) rank = 63rd
1940 = free elections; Fulgencio Batista president
1960’s = Cuba aides communist revolutions
1960’s-1980’s = economic and social problems
1990’s = economic reforms
2008 = Fidel Castro steps down; Raul Castro becomes president
1944 = Batista looses
re-election
1952 = bloodless coup; Batista dictator
1956 = Cuban Revolution; Fidel Castro dictator

12. Puerto Rico GDP (PPP) rank = n/a 1950’s = Operation Bootstrap
1950’s-60’s = economic growth
1970’s-80’s = economy slows; people move to U.S.
1993 & 1998 = vote to remain as commonwealth of U.S.
2000’s = struggle to define political status
1947 = U.S. grants self govt.
1948 = Luis Munoz
first governor
1950 = constitution
1952 = commonwealth of the United States

13. Dominican Republic GDP (PPP) rank = 73rd
1965 = U.S. sends aide to prevent communism
1966 = constitution; democracy spreads
1970’s-80’s = political
stability; economic growth
1990’s = economic recession
2000’s = poverty, immigration; democratic elections
= dictatorship; Rafael Trujillo
1950’s = economic issues
1960 = OAS sanctions
1961 = Trujillo killed
1962 = Juan Bosch elected
1963 = military coup

14. Haiti GDP (PPP) rank = 139th 1930-46 = democracy 1946 = military coup
1956 = general strike; leader resigns
1970’s = economic & political decline/problems
1980’s = Duvalier resigns, new election; military coup
1990’s-2000’s = Jean-Bertrand Aristide to Rene Preval “circus”
2010 earthquake kills est. 200,000 to 300,000 people
1957 = Francois Duvalier (aka Papa Doc) president
1960’s = authoritarian govt.
1971 = Jean-Claude Duvalier
(aka Baby Doc) president