1. Department of Neuroscience
THE BASAL GANGLIA
Stephen Crocker, Ph.D.
Department of Neuroscience
L4012

2. FUNCTIONS Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia
Facilitates cortical output that initiates and produces effective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors.
Inhibits cortical output that produces competing or ineffective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors.
Except primary auditory and visual cortices
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 29 Mar 12

3. Help Elucidate the Functions
How Did Disease
Help Elucidate the Functions
of the Basal Ganglia?
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

4. DISEASES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA
Hypokinesias
impairment in initiation, velocity and amplitude of movement, hypertonia
Hyperkinesias
extra movements (dyskinesias), hypotonia
Dementias
cognitive and emotional dysfunctions
(e.g. Parkinson’s Disease)
(e.g. Huntington’s Disease)
Put Parkinson’s & Huntington’s here as examples. Describe symptoms.
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

5. Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886
PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886
Wikipedia.com
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

6. PARKINSON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sf1N0Zf5IqA 6/23
SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

7. HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpNsspu16Pg 7/23
SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

8. Substantia Innominata
NEUROANATOMY
BASAL GANGLIA
Caudate
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
………
Substantia Innominata
Nucleus Basalis
Nucleus Accumbens
Olfactory Tubercle
Dorsal
Ventral
ASSOCIATED NUCLEI
Subthalamic Nucleus
Substantia Nigra
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9. Regions of the cerebral cortex that project to the corpus striatum
neuro4e-fig jpg

10. How Do These Parts Work Together?
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11. Integrative Signaling In the Basal Ganglia
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12. Insert Figure 18.3 and 18.4 from Purves here.
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

17. STRIATAL ANATOMY Association Ctx (layers IIII-V) Limbic & Other
(deep layer V)
Somatosensory Ctx
Motor Ctx
Substantia Nigra compacta
Direct pathway
(action selection)
Striosome
Indirect pathway
(action suppression)
Matrix
Medium spiny neurons
Cholinergic interneurons
Degenerating dopaminergic axons

18. Huntington’s Hypokinesias Disease Parkinson’s Disease Hemiballism,
Athetosis
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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

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SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10