1. Wma revenue and conservation costs
WMA - INVESTORS FORUM
15 & 16 MARCH 2016
NAURA SPRINGS
I will present some ideas about how tourism can support conservation of wildlife and habitats….I worked in tourism in the past and now I work in conservation. I originally started….

2. “To enhance the recognition of the intrinsic value of wildlife to rural people” 
Wildlife needs to pbe protected, and in many community conservancies, it is not the community themselves who are poaching, so they need to be able to protect their NR from poachers coming from elsewhere….

3. “local communities obtain substantial tangible benefits from wildlife conservation” 
Wildlife needs to pbe protected, and in many community conservancies, it is not the community themselves who are poaching, so they need to be able to protect their NR from poachers coming from elsewhere….

4. 27,000
people in Enduimet

5. 41%
15%
27%

6. What creates a win
I will present some ideas about how tourism can support conservation of wildlife and habitats….I worked in tourism in the past and now I work in conservation. I originally started….

7. Wildlife: KEY SPECIES Wildlife
Wildlife ( Rhino, elephant, other keystone species)- good tourism areas need good wildlife attractions.
Elephant, rhino, lion are key attractions for tourists

8. Accessibility of the area to visitors, the prospect of viewing wildlife, the availability of complementary attractions and the cost of visiting the site will influence the economic potential of a wildlife site for ecotourism. However, even sites that are costly to visit can sometimes support commercial ecotourism, as witnessed by the development of ship-based ecotourism in Antarctica, (Economic Aspects of Ecotourism : Wildlife-based Tourism and Its Contribution to Nature, Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 5. No. 1, 2003)
the cost of visiting the site will influence the economic potential of a wildlife site for ecotourism. (Economic Aspects of Ecotourism : Wildlife-based Tourism and Its Contribution to Nature, Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 5. No. 1, 2003)
Access
An affordable access……
not all areas or sites where wildlife and natural areas occur are capable of supporting profitable ecotourism enterprises.
This can even be so if the wildlife involved is spectacular and unique.

9. Brand names
NAIBOSHO TARANGIRE ENDUIMET OL PEJETA BURUNGE LAKE MANYARA KITULO IKONA MOTOROGI AMBOSELI LAMEK RUBONDO OL CHORRO MAASAI MARA MAKAME SERA NAIBUNGA RUKO IL NGWESI KILTOME MOTIKANJU LEWA DOWNS KILIMANJAROOSUPUKO NGARE NDARE WEST GATE NAMUNYAK MIKUMI IMBIRIKANI II MOTIOK SELENKAY LEMOMO KITIRUA, NGORONGORO LEKURRUKI RANDELIN KALAMA MELAKO RUAHA SAADANI TSAVO UDZUNGWA OLARE OROK OLKIRIAMANTAN MARA NORTH SERENGETI MAHALE MERU ENOKISHU LEWA MKOMAZI
The big brand names help sell…..it helps to be positioned near a brand…. That market strength-
Black areas are sustaniable, red challenged

10. zzzzzzzzz 5
Sq Kilometers per bednight is financially sustainable
Supporting conservation and protection
tourism
How can tourism support conservation…. Lets realize that one bed in a camp can just about provide enough funds to protect up to 5sq km, anything higher than this will be financially challenged and cannot be expected to be the sole solution to protection….
However tourism is still sold as a solution- I saw an advert about a new conservation area that was quite far in southern tanzania, difficult to get to, and it said…
The operation of the park will consist in:
- Ensuring the park security
- Maintaining airstrip & roads
- Facilitate interaction with the locals
Lease revenues from the lodges will enable the park to:
- Ensure wildlife preservation within the park
- Ensure villagers programmes ( Water wells, dispensaries, sustainable business )

11. 5
How can tourism support conservation…. Lets realize that one bed in a camp can just about provide enough funds to protect up to 5sq km, anything higher than this will be financially challenged and cannot be expected to be the sole solution to protection….
However tourism is still sold as a solution- I saw an advert about a new conservation area that was quite far in southern tanzania, difficult to get to, and it said…
The operation of the park will consist in:
- Ensuring the park security
- Maintaining airstrip & roads
- Facilitate interaction with the locals
Lease revenues from the lodges will enable the park to:
- Ensure wildlife preservation within the park
- Ensure villagers programmes ( Water wells, dispensaries, sustainable business )

12. 25
How can tourism support conservation…. Lets realize that one bed in a camp can just about provide enough funds to protect up to 5sq km, anything higher than this will be financially challenged and cannot be expected to be the sole solution to protection….
However tourism is still sold as a solution- I saw an advert about a new conservation area that was quite far in southern tanzania, difficult to get to, and it said…
The operation of the park will consist in:
- Ensuring the park security
- Maintaining airstrip & roads
- Facilitate interaction with the locals
Lease revenues from the lodges will enable the park to:
- Ensure wildlife preservation within the park
- Ensure villagers programmes ( Water wells, dispensaries, sustainable business )

13. Sq km per bed in conservancies
Revenue: $ per sq km
$1,140
$83
TOURISM FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION
$106
$7,700
So what is required is realistic financial planning; Small areas with many beds work, larger areas with few beds are going to be challenged.
So what can affect the no of beds in an area…..what do tourists value????
$26,000
Sq km per bed in conservancies

14. 90% external funding
The majority of the CBNRM areas are dependant by about 90% on external funding, this means that protection is totally dependant on donor funding.

15. What are the costs of conservation of wildlife
I will present some ideas about how tourism can support conservation of wildlife and habitats….I worked in tourism in the past and now I work in conservation. I originally started….

16. 80% protection protection cost from operating budget
Keeping The Ecosystems Functioning
protection
We have to understand that protection is very expensive
As much as 80% of wildlife management areas operational budgets can be spent on protecting their natural resources.

17. 63% SERENGETI national park Revenue: $27m $10m $6m Operations
Protection
$6m
Although the Serengeti is financially sustainable, 63% of their operational budget is spent on protection alone….However the Serengeti has to support nearly all the other parks ………….

18. 73% RUAHA national park $3.4m $2.5m Graph showing costs Operations
Protection
$2.5m
Revenue: $0.9m
As most of them do not have the revenues to cover the expenses to run their operations…and they still remain with high protection costs such as Ruaha with 73%.

19. 98% ENDUIMET WMA $350k Protection Revenue: $100k
And in some CBNRM areas, Enduimet WMA in Tanzania for example their operational expenses are nearly entirely devoted to protection as well as being donor dependant for this…

20. What makes costs so high?
Law enforcement costs
What makes costs so high? Poachers getting more smart; infrastructure, technology is helping.
So how much does it cost to protect? A mobile patrol- $70,000/- per annum
In some places we see 80% of operational budget is spent on protection
In some CBNRM areas are 90% external funding
Some areas are trying to survive on as low as 450 bed nights per year
Poachers getting smarter; infrastructure and technology getting better
Roads, motorbikes, mobile phones….poachers can be fast in and fast out, securing their area beforehand.

21. WELL TRAINED
WELL EQUIPPED
WELL SUPPORTED

22. $70,000 pa
$70,000 pa
Protection without a vehicle is near to impossible and to keep only one mobile protection unit operating can cost over $70,000 per year.