1. Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone
What are osteocytes?
Osteocytes and layers of intercellular material form concentric rings around a central canal, forming a cylinder-shaped unit called an osteon (Haversian system).
Each central canal contains blood vessels and nerve fibers surrounded by loose connective tissue.

2. Label Femur Diagram Handout
Review the following terms:
Distal
Proximal

4. Microscopic Structure

5. Bone types
Remember: Bones differ greatly in size and shape, but are similar in structure.
Long Bones – work as levers; EX: bones of upper and lower limbs
Short Bones – short and cubed shaped; found in wrist and ankles
Flat Bones - broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles; EX: ribs, cranial bones
Irregular Bones – vertebrae and some bones in skull

7. Skeletal Organization
The skeleton is divided into two major parts:
Axial (???) skeleton
Appendicular (???) skeleton

8. Axial Skeleton
Consists of the bony and cartilage portions that support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk.

9. Axial Skeleton parts: Skull – made of the cranium and facial bones
Hyoid bone – found in the neck between the lower jaw and the larynx (this bone supports the tongue)
Vertebral column – vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
Thoracic cage – ribs (12 pair) and sternum

10. Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton.

11. Appendicular Parts: Pectoral Girdle – scapula and clavicle
Upper Limbs – humerus, radius ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Pelvic Girdle – pelvis
Lower Limbs – femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

12. Which portion, axial or appendicular, do you think would have the largest number of bones?
Table 7.1, p.137, shows the skeletal organization in a semi-outline format.
***Important bone terminology: Table 7.2, p.137

13. Skeletal Diagram Label together
Use 4 different colored highlighters to highlight by TYPE of bone (long, short, flat, irregular)