1. Chapter 1: Chemistry is a Physical Science
Ok, so this is your chemistry notebook. IT IS REQUIRED! I will collect notebooks on the day of the unit test and grade for completion. IT IS A QUIZ GRADE!
1. date the start of the notes (today is 8/29/17)
2. all notes in BOLD are required for the notebook check
3. You can take all the notes if you’d like, but I want you to practice getting the really important stuff from a lecture

2. Chemistry is the study of matter and its processes!
Science: the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested.
Chemistry: the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.
What types of questions could you try and answer with science? With chemistry?

3. Branches of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry: the study of compounds containing carbon
Inorganic Chemistry: the study of non-organic compounds
Physical Chemistry: the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Analytical Chemistry: the identification of the components and composition of materials
Biochemistry: the study of substances and processes of living things
Theoretical chemistry: the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

4. Practical Application: What do we DO with it?
Chemical: any substance that has a definite composition.
Basically, THAT’S EVERYTHING!
Water is a chemical! If someone ever tells you they are on a ‘chemical-free’ diet, they will die. Help them. All food is made up of chemicals!
So great. Everything is chemicals. But what do we do with that knowledge? How do we study chemistry?

5. Research Basic Research: to increase knowledge
Can you think of any examples where you were asked to conduct basic research?
Applied Research: to solve a problem
Can you think of any examples where you were asked to conduct applied research?
Technology Development: Production and use of products that improve our quality of life
Can you think of any examples of technology development in chemistry?

6. Real World Chemistry! Chemistry helps us understand our world!
Chemistry is not just in the LAB!
Chemistry is used to solve REAL WORLD PROBLEMS!
Chemistry is used to develop NEW AN IMPROVED products!
Chemistry is an old science, but it isn’t dead! Fields such as forensic chemistry and green chemistry are changing our world today!

7. Homework:
On a separate sheet of paper write the question and answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES:
1. What is Science? What is Chemistry?
2. How can chemistry help you make wiser decisions and be a better consumer?
3. What are some currently popular areas of study in chemistry?
4. Think of one advancement in chemistry that has made your life easier or more enjoyable.

8. Matter and Its Properties
Mass: a measure of the amount of matter: How much STUFF there is…this is different from WEIGHT. How???
Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space
Can you think of a situation in which the mass of an object might change? Can you think of a situation in which the composition of the matter of an object might change?

9. Atoms are the building blocks of matter
Atom: the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.
One atom of CARBON is still CARBON. You can break it down further, but it’s not CARBON anymore!
Why isn’t water an element?

10. All substances have characteristic properties
Extensive properties: depend on the amount of matter present. Ex: Volume, mass, amount of energy Intensive properties: do NOT depend on the amount of matter present. Ex. Melting point, boiling point, density, conductivity Intensive properties are the same for a given substance REGARDLESS of how much is there!

11. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Matter can change. Can you think of some ways in which matter might change?
Physical Property: a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
melting point, boiling point, density
Physical Change: A change that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance
cutting, melting, boiling

12. States of matter
Matter can change state. This is an IMPORTANT physical change!
Water can change from solid-liquid-gass
Change of state: a physical change of a substance from one state to another.
3 common states of matter on this planet are solid, liquid, and gas. THERE ARE OTHER STATES!
My new fav is time crystals….although it’s not as cool as it sounds

13. Solids
Solid: matter in the solid state has definite volume and definite shape. The particles are packed tightly together and there are strong attractive forces. The particles of a solid can only vibrate.
Some solids have higher degrees of attraction between its particles so its particles are more easily compressible
Why do you think some metals are easily bendable?

14. Other states Liquid: has a definite volume, but no definite shape
Gases: has no definite volume or definite shape
What can you say about the attractive forces within the particles of a liquid? A gas? WHY??????
Plasma: a physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

15. Chemical properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical property: relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Reactivity, flammability
Chemical Change: also called a CHEMICAL ReACTION
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
The substances that you start with are called the REACTANTS
(They REACT together)
The substances that are formed are called the PRODUCTS
(They are PRODUCED)

16. Energy and changes in matter
Energy flows
Knowing this, describe the energy flow in the following changes:
Solid-liquid
Liquid-gas
Gas-liquid
Burning

17. HOMEWORK
On a separate sheet of paper write the question and answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES:
1. What is the main difference between physical and chemical properties? Give an example of each.
2. Classify as either a physical or a chemical change
tearing a sheet of paper, melting a piece of wax, burning a log
3. How do you decide whether a sample of matter is a solid, a liquid, or a gas?
4. Compare the composition of SUCROSE extracted from sugar cane to the composition of SUCROSE extracted from sugar beets. EXPLAIN your answer

18. Matter can be a pure substance or a mixture
Pure substance: composition is the same throughout
Mixture: a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
composition MUST be specified. Often done in percentage
Homogeneous mixtures: uniform in composition. ALSO CALLED SOLUTIONS!!!! You can’t ‘see’ the different parts
Heterogeneous mixtures: not uniform in composition. You can ‘see’ the different parts

19. Pure substance
Pure substance: have a fixed composition, always homogeneous, cannot be broken down and retain the properties of the substance
elements or compounds

21. ELEMENTS!
In general, the properties of the element are predictable when they are arranged on the periodic table
Groups/Families: vertical columns
some have special names
group 1 (1a): alkali metals
group 2 (2a): alkaline earth metals
group 17 (7a): halogens
group 18 (8a): noble gases
Elements in the same group/family have similar properties
Periods: horizontal rows
Lanthanide and Actinide series: don’t really follow this predictable pattern, so they are set below the other elements

22. Metals, nonmetals, metalloids
Metals, to the LEFT of the ZIGZAG line most metals are solids at room temperature, good conductors of heat and electricity, are generally malleable (hammered into sheets), generally ductile (drawn into wires), and generally have a high tensile strength (can be pulled without breaking) Nonmetals, to the RIGHT of the zigzag line poor conductor of heat and electricity Metalloid, generally ON the zigzag line have properties of metals and nonmetals