1. Civil Rights Movement

2. Civil Rights Early Demands for Equality
AA discontent with segregation after WWII Jim Crow Laws
De Jure Segregation: enforced by law vs. De Facto Segregation: by tradition
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)- non violent protest group

3. Civil Rights Brown vs. Board of Education
NAACP challenges Plessy vs. Ferguson
Segregated schools violate US constitution SC Chief Justice Earl Warren
Little Rock 9: Ark. Gov. refused integration- called in Nat’l Grd.
Pres. Eisenhower sends Federal troops to escort students

6. Civil Rights
Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks refuses to move seat for white person, AA boycott bus riding for over 1 yr finally declared unconstitutional
MLK Jr. preaches non violent resistance Southern Christian Leadership Conf. (SCLC

7. Civil Rights Movement Gains Ground
Integration slow in coming- several forms of protest grow
Greensboro sit-in: 4 black students refuse to move when Woolworth’s refused them service
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Comm. (SNCC)- grass roots mvmt to defeat racism

9. Civil Rights
“Freedom Riders” CORE stages freedom rides through deep south to protest segregation on public transportation met with bombs and mobs
Pres. Kennedy sends federal troopers to protect riders

11. Civil Rights
March On Washington: SNCC, SCLS, CORE, etc protest MLK “I have A Dream” Speech
Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned segregation in public facilities

12. Civil Rights New Successes and Challenges
AA still face voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests) Freedom Summer
Students in Miss. register hundreds of AA to vote
Voting Rights Act of 1965 and 24th Am: bans literacy tests and poll taxes
Baker vs. Carr- limit gerrymandering based on race
Race riots: LA, NJ, AA use violence against cops, white business owners

14. Civil Rights New voices of Civil Rights
Malcolm X: Nation of Islam AA radical- separation of races
Black Power: continue fight for equality
Black Panthers: militant AA- armed patrols, extremist group
1968: MLK assassinated by James Earl Ray