1. Properties of Solids

2. Classifying Solids Solids can be classified according to:
Bonds that hold them together (i.e. Ionic, covalent)
Arrangement of particles
Amorphous solids – particle arrangements lack order (rubber & glass)
Crystalline solids – with organized particle arrangements and as a result a distinct shape

3. Properties of Solids
Properties of solids depend on the forces between particles
4 types of solids
Ionic (metal and a nonmetal)
Metallic (metals)
Molecular (nonmetals)
Covalent Network (metalloid/carbon)

4. Ionic Crystals High melting point Hard, brittle
High solubility in water
Electrolytes (in solution)

6. Metallic Crystals
Positive nuclei surrounded by loosely held valence electrons (metals have low ionization energies)
Creates a “sea” of valence electrons

7. Metallic Crystals Property Explanation Shiny
Valence electrons absorb and re-emit many wavelengths of light.
Malleable, ductile
Nondirectional bonds, atoms can slide over each other while remaining bonded.
Electrolyte
Free-floating valence electrons.
Hard
Strong attraction between electron sea and positive nuclei.
Crystalline
Electrons act as electrostatic glue.

8. Molecular Crystals
Soft
Low melting point
Nonelectrolytes

9. Covalent Network Crystals
Very hard and brittle
Very high melting points
Nonelectrolytes