1. Unit 7: Relationships
Class 1
Lesson A and B

2. Circle of friends 2. My most exciting friend… 1. My ___ buddy…
3. My school friend…
5. My new friend…
4. My friend from work/ church/ volunteering…

3. Grammar Point: Relative clauses
identifies or gives information about a noun (He’s the guy who got me started running.)
defining (restrictive) – identifies which person/thing is being talked about (*much more common)
Ben is the person that sits across from me at work.
non-defining (non-restrictive) – gives extra info about the person/thing being talked about
Ben, who sits across from me at work, used to have his own company.

4. Grammar Point: Relative Clauses
relative clauses can modify/describe nouns which are subjects or objects
Subject Relative Clauses
Nina is a woman. She sits across from me.
Nina is a woman who / that sits across from me.
Nina had a company. It planned weddings.
Nina had a company which / that planned weddings.
relative pronoun

5. Grammar Point: Relative Clauses
Subject Relative Clauses
the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb in the clause
clause = a collection of words that has a subject that is actively doing a verb
Main clause (independent clause)
Subject relative clause
(dependent clause)
Nina is a woman
She had a company
who / that sits across from me.
that / which planned weddings.

6. Grammar Point: Relative Clauses
2. Object Relative Clauses
the relative pronoun is the object of the verb in the clause
Charlie is someone (that) I can trust.
What does that refer back to?
What is the subject of the relative clause?
What is the verb in the relative clause?
What is the object of the relative clause?
Jen talks about the things (that) she’s doing.

7. Grammar Point: Relative Clauses
in object relative clauses you don’t need to say the relative pronoun especially in conversation
Relative Pronouns:
Subject Relative Clauses
Object Relative Clauses
who
who(m) *whom not common in conversation but used in writing mostly after a preposition
that
which
which *not frequent

8. Find the relative clauses
P66
underline the relative clauses
write S for subject relative clause or O for object relative clause

9. Circle of friends
Write a sentence describing each of your friends using a relative clause.
Introduce your circle of friends to your partner.

10. Unit 7: Relationships
Class 2
Lesson C and D

11. Vocabulary Phrasal verb Meaning wrote back (write back)
to reply in writing
turned out (turn out)
to result in
grew up (grow up)
to progress from childhood to adulthood
hung out (hang out)
to spend free time together
got along (get along)
to spend time together agreeably
going out
to date; to be in a relationship
settle down
to choose a life partner and stop dating
signed up (sign up)
to register
work out
to progress positively
break up
to end a relationship
moved away (move away)
to leave one area for another
came back (come back)
to return
turns out
went away (go away)
to leave a place
flew back (fly back)
to return to a familiar place by air

12. Grammar Point: Phrasal verbs
phrasal verbs can be separable or inseparable
these are inseparable – the verb and particle stay together [verb + particle]
She went away to college. O
She went to college away. X
these are intransitive [=they don’t take an object]
Anna went away.
She flew back.
Things didn’t work out.

13. Speaking Naturally phrasal verb = verb + particle
usually grammatical words are not stressed
BUT the particle in a phrasal verb is strongly stressed
grew up
go out
went away
flew back

14. Annoying neighbors
What are some things your neighbors do that annoy you?
play the piano late at night
let their children run around

15. Conversation Strategy: Softening comments
in conversation, people soften their comments (especially when talking about other people) to avoid sounding too direct or rude
I guess**
sort of (+ verb)
I think*
a little***
probably***
a (little) bit****
maybe***
just
kind of* (+ adjective)
in a way
* top 100 words/expressions in English conversation
** top 150
*** top 200
**** top 500

16. Strategy Plus: though
though often used to give a contrasting idea (used like but or however and usually at the end of the sentence)
can be used by the same speaker to contrast ideas
A: She’s a nice person. She can be a bit weird, though.
[=She’s a nice person, but she can be a bit weird.]
can be used by another speaker to disagree in a “soft”, polite way
A: She’s a nice person.
B: Yeah. She can be a bit weird, though. [=I agree, but she can be a little weird.]