1. 12 STATES THAT MAKE UP THE “BREADBASKET” OF THE U.S.
THE MIDWEST
12 STATES THAT MAKE UP THE “BREADBASKET” OF THE U.S.

2. I. THE MIDWEST CONSISTS OF 12 STATES.
A) NORTH DAKOTA (BISMARK)
B) SOUTH DAKOTA (PIERRE)
C) NEBRASKA (LINCOLN)
D) KANSAS (TOPEKA)
E) MISSOURI (JEFFERSON CITY)
F) IOWA (DES MOINES
G) MINNESOTA( ST PAUL)
H) WISCONSIN (MADISON)
I) MICHIGAN (LANSING)
J) ILLINOIS (SPRINGFIELD)
K) INDIANA (INDIANAPOLIS)
L) OHIO (COLUMBUS

3. II. THE MIDWEST—AN AGRICULTURAL AREA
A) CLIMATE OF THE MIDWEST AREA
1. MILD RAINY(WET) SPRINGS (Late Feb. to May)
2. WARM SUMMERS (June to August)
3. COOL FALLS (Sept. thru November)
4. COLD SNOWY WINTERS (December to Mid-February

4. B) MIDWEST HAS RICH FERTILE SOILS
1. HUMUS—RICH SOILS BASED ON THE MINERALS FROM THE LONG TERM DECAY OF PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE

5. C) VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE AFFECT WHAT IS GROWN
1) DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWING SEASON.
a) Time from the last spring frost and the first fall frost.
b) Farther south (closer to equator) the longer growing season will be.
EX. North Dakota growing season 120 days.
Kansas growing season 200 days.

6. 2) VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE AND THE AMOUNT OF RAINFALL ALSO
2) VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE AND THE AMOUNT OF RAINFALL ALSO DETERMINE WHAT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ARE GROWN.
a) Northern States of Michigan, Wisconsin, parts of Minnesota find emphasis on hay products, beef and especially dairy cattle! Here the climate is cooler, shorter growing season
b) Western States of North and South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska find emphasis on grain products ( Wheat, Oats, Barley, Sunflowers, Sorghum. ) Varied growing season but less rainfall than other areas

7. VARIATIONS IN CLIMATE AFFECT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
c) Iowa, Illinois, Indiana (THREE-I States), &Ohio, parts of Missouri find an emphasis on corn, soybeans and hog production. Growing season close to 200 days, more periods of rainfall.
** Recently, Iowa has led the nation in production of corn, soybeans, and hogs.
** Nickname of the Midwest the Breadbasket of the U.S.

8. a) ETHANOL—Fuel additive from corn.
3) NEW INDUSTRIES DEVELOP IN THE MIDWEST BECAUSE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
a) ETHANOL—Fuel additive from corn.
b) ASOYIA—Cooking oil from soybeans.

9. III. THE CHANGING AMERICAN FARM—THE MIDWEST
THE MIDWEST HAS LONG BEEN A DOMINANT AGRUCULTURAL AREA.
MOST PEOPLE CAME TO THIS REGION TO FARM.
TODAY THE MIDWEST IS A COMBINATION OF FARM AND INDUSTRY.

10. A. FARMS IN THE 1800’S IN THE MIDWEST
1) MOST FARMS WERE FAMILY FARMS
a) Handed down from generation to generation
2) A LARGE PERCENT OF PEOPLE IN THE MIDWEST LIVED ON FARMS
3) LIMITED TECHNOLOGY ON THESE FARMS
a) Cyrus McCormick invented a mechanical reaper to make grain harvest easier!
b) Farmers could produce more food products with less effort!

11. B. THE MIDWESTERN FARMS OF TODAY
1) PUSH-PULL MIGRATION HAS DRIVEN PEOPLE OFF THE FARMS
a) Low incomes pushed people off of farms.
b) Higher paying factory jobs have pulled people to the city!
2) LOWER PERCENT OF PEOPLE IN FARMING, BUT PRODUCING MORE PRODUCTS DUE TO INCREASE IN TECHNOLOGY AND BETTER FARMING METHODS

12. BIG BUSINESS FARMING TODAY
3) TODAY MANY MIDWESTERN FARMS ARE CALLED CORPORATE or COMMERCIAL FARMS
a) Owned by and / or produce for a corporate food company / supplier

13. C. THE MIDWESTERN CITY: AGRICULTURE DOMINATES THE CITY
1) CHIEF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES CENTER AROUND :
a) Grain Elevator
b) Dairy Operations

14. 2) CITIES RELY ON OUTSIDE INSTITUTIONS TO HELP WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE COMMUNITY
a) Chicago Mercantile Exchange—World’s busiest market for eggs, hogs, cattle, and other farm products.
b. Chicago Board of Trade—The largest grain exchange / market in the country.

15. IV. LINKING INDUSTRY TO RESOURCES
A. THE MIDWEST HAS A RICH SUPPLY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND INDUSTRY.
1) STEEL MILLS—OHIO, MICHIGAN, AND INDIANA
2) IRON ORE—MINNESOTA
3) COAL—ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, INDIANA
4) GYPSUM / LIMESTONE—IOWA, WISCONSIN
5) HYDROELECTRIC OR WIND POWER—NORTH & SOUTH DAKOTA, KANSAS, MINNESOTA
6) AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY—MICHIGAN AND INDIANA

16. B. LINKING INDUSTRY TO THE MARKETS
1) RAILROADS, ESPECIALLY IN CHICAGO BROUGHT TRADE INTOTHE MIDWEST AND MIDWEST PRODUCTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
a) Chicago center of grain and livestock trade.
2) MIDWEST RELIES ON THE BIG 3 RIVERS OF THE MIDWEST TO GET THEIR PRODUCTS TO MARKET! (Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers)
a) Links Midwest and Great Lakes to the rest of the country / world.
b) 400 million Tons of goods transported on the Mississippi River annually.