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The Presidency And Executive Branch
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Hail to the Chief The President of the United States
(POTUS) simultaneously fulfills many different roles.
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Chief of State The President is the ceremonial head of the government – a symbol of all the nation’s people
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Chief Executive The office is vested by the Constitution with “The executive Power” of the United States. This power is broad, in both foreign and domestic affairs. Chief Administrator Director of the federal Government, the President directs over 2.7 million civilians and oversees a federal budget of over $2 trillion a year.
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Chief Legislator Helps shape public policy on domestic issues; initiates, suggests, requests, insists, and demands that Congress enact on these policies.
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Chief of their Party Leader of their political party
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Chief Citizen The President represents all the people’s interest vs. private interests.
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Chief Diplomat Shapes the country’s foreign policy and the spokesperson to the world
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Chief Diplomat
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Commander in Chief Head of the nation’s military
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The Office of the President
Term 22nd Amendment Elected to no more than 2 four year terms Can serve up to 10 years Qualifications Natural-born citizen Lived in the US for at least 14 years Must be at least 35 years old
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The Office of the Presidency
Pay and Benefits Congress determines the salary President: $400,000; $50,000 expense account; $100,000 nontaxable for travel; $19,000 official entertainment account; free housing, Air Force One, helicopters, Camp David, etc…. Retired president: $150,000 pension; plus $150,000 to maintain staff Vice president: $230,700; $10,000 expense account; free housing
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Naval Observatory
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Presidential Succession
If a President dies, resigns, or is removed from the office by impeachment, the Vice President succeeds to the office. 25th Amendment Precedent was started in 1841 – John Tyler for William Henry Harrison
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President Succession Part of the Constitution in 1967 in the 25th Amendment Congress sets the order of succession after the VP, current order was established in 1947
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Presidential Succession Order
#1: THE VICE PRESIDENT
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Number 2 – the Second Runner up
The Speaker of the House
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#3 – President pro tempore
Born Daniel Ken Inouye
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#4 – The Secretary of State
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And so on and so forth…. Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security
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Chief Executive/Advising the President
The Vice President The Cabinet: heads of the executive departments The Executive Office The (NSC) National Security Council The (CEA) Council of Economic Advisors The (OMB) Office of Management and Budget The White House Staff---The West Wing
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The President’s Executive Powers
Executing the Law The Ordinance Power: the power to issue executive orders (a directive, rule, or regulation that has the effect of law) comes from Congress and the Constitution
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The President’s Executive Powers
The Appointment Power – with Senate consent, the President names most of the top-ranking officers of the Federal government: Ambassadors and other diplomats Cabinet and their top aides Heads of independent agencies (EPA, NASA) Federal judges, U.S. marshals, U.S. attorneys All officers in the military
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The President’s Executive Powers
The Removal Power: challenged even as far as the Supreme Court, as a general rule, the President may remove those whom the President appoints. Often what was in fact a dismissal is called a “resignation.”
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The President’s Diplomatic Powers
The Power to make Treaties The Power of Recognition Executive Agreements: deals made between heads of state – these don’t need Senate approval
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The President’s Military Power’s Commander In Chief
Undeclared war The War Powers Resolution 48 hours notice End within 60 days Congress may end at any time
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Legislative Powers Legislative Powers Recommending Legislation
The Veto Power/Pocket Veto Can call Congress into a special session
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Judicial Powers Judicial Powers Reprieve – postponement of the
execution of a sentence Pardon – legal forgiveness of a crime THESE ARE ABSOLUTE, except in the case of impeachment, where they may never be granted….
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Judicial Powers Clemency – mercy, or leniency may be used only in cases involving federal offenses Commutation – reduce the length of a sentence or fine already imposed by a court Amnesty – blanket pardon given to a large group
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