1. The Cold War Expands
H-SS – Trace the origins and geopolitical consequences (foreign and domestic) of the Cold War and containment policy, including the Korean War, the “mutual assured destruction” doctrine…

2. The Korean War
After WWII American and Soviet forces entered Korea to disarm Japanese troops there. Allies divided Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude.
Soviet troops controlled the North set up a Communist government
American troops controlled the South set up a democracy

3. Korean War

4. North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950
Pres. Truman asked U.N. to act against the Communist invasion. U.S., U.N. and S. Korean troops pushed back the N. Koreans
Communist Chinese saw advancing U.N. troops as a threat launched massive attack w 100’s of 1,000’s of troops.

5. Gen. Douglas MacArthur wanted to expand war against China, to use nuclear weapons. Truman fired him after he publicly criticized the President.

6. Truman wanted a limited war - a war fought to achieve a limited objective such as containing communism.
After fighting to a stalemate an armistice was signed in 1953 that ended the hostilities and est. the border between the two Koreas. It is known as the DMZ.

7. Korea was a turning point in the Cold War
U.S. used military force, instead of political and economic pressure, to contain communism, and began a major military buildup, it also expanded it beyond Europe into Asia.
Truman committed U.S. troops w/o congressional declaration of war. Set a precedent for future presidents to follow, for example, Johnson in Vietnam.

8. SEATO- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization like, NATO was a defense alliance aimed at preventing the spread of Communism in SE Asia.
Members included: Pakistan, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, France, Britain, and the U.S.

9. Eisenhower’s “New Look”
Eisenhower won the election of He was the general who organized the D-Day invasion and was a national hero.

10. Nuclear Arsenals Expand
U.S. and USSR develop H-Bombs that are 1,000 more powerful than A-Bombs.
During the four decade long Cold War both sides stockpile these weapons. They have enough to destroy each other many times over.
The policy they followed is called (MAD) or Mutually Assured Destruction- idea was that no one would start a nuclear war if it meant everyone on the planet would die.

11. Ike (Eisenhower) thought the way to win the Cold War was with a strong military and economy.
His “New Look” was to use atomic weapons instead of conventional ones.
Ike worked with John Foster Dulles to develop a policy of massive retaliation in which the U.S. would respond to Communist aggression with a massive nuclear attack.
He felt it would cost less to threaten an all out attack than fight a series of small wars like Korea & Vietnam, for example.

12. New Weapons B-52 Bomber- long range plane
Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
Nuclear submarines

13. Eisenhower’s willingness to threaten nuclear war to maintain peace worried people.
Critics argued that Brinkmanship- the willingness to go to war to force the other side to back down, was too dangerous.
The Korean War ended after Ike threaten to use nukes, although there was no victory it ended the war.
In 1954 China threaten to take back Taiwan, Ike threaten nukes again they backed down

14. Eisenhower Doctrine- In response to growing Soviet influence in the Middle East, Ike announced that the U.S. would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by Communism.
He used this to justify sending troops into Lebanon in 1958.

15. On October 4, Soviets launched Sputnik- the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. Americans felt they were falling behind Soviet missile and weapon technology.

16. Fighting Communism Covertly
Brinkmanship would not work in all situations, and it could not prevent Communists from revolting w/in countries.
Ike used covert, or hidden, operations conducted by the CIA-Central Intelligence Agency in developing nations.
Two examples are in Guatemala and Iran in the 1950s

17. In his farewell address, Eisenhower warned Americans to guard against the influence of the military-industrial complex. This was a new relationship between the military and the defense industry. Both of them try to lobby congress to fund their projects and have great influence over the economy and national policy.