1.
China Under Mao

2. Class Objectives
Know the relevant information about the history of China under Mao.
Know what the Cultural Revolution is.
Understand the impact of the Cultural Revolution on China

3. Red China US tries to avert civil war in China
US brought Mao and Chiang together to try to establish a government that opposition parties could participate in.
Efforts Failed

4. Communists Win
US efforts fail and Communists win fight for control of China
China becomes a communist nation

5. Nationalists Failure Prices 3 million times higher than in 1937
Nationalist army and officers seen as corrupt and not working for the people
Protests put down with violence

6. Korean War
North Korea (with blessing of Stalin) attacks South Korea in June 1950
UN forces repelled the attack and marched north
Moved toward Yalu River , border between China and Korea

7. Chinese Involvement
Chinese troops secretly cross border ; attack UN troops in Nov, 1950
2.5 million Chinese troops sent to Korea
War ends up a stalemate

8. Victory for Mao China stood up to western imperialists
Gave Communist party legitimacy
COST:
360,000 casualties
US now views China as an enemy

9. Consequences
UN total embargo on trade with China: China is forced to become self reliant
US helps French in Vietnam; China helps Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh

10. Great Leap Forward Goals:
Through hard work of people (China’s biggest asset), China would be able to transform itself from poor nation to an economic power.
Prove to the world that China is an economic power- accelerate industrialization
Collectivize the countryside-private garden plots were banned (1958)

11. Great Leap Forward
Achieve goals by having individuals works collectively and work to significantly increase the production of steel
Goal is to increase production of steel from 5.2 million tons in 1957 to 30 million tons in 5 years;
Goal: Larger GNP than England in 15 years

12. Results Attention diverted from agriculture
Steel production increases to 14 million tons
BUT steel is largely impure and worthless

13. Results
Chaos in collectives
Climate problems
LEADS TO FAMINE

14. Results Collective groups exaggerated their results
People that tried to bring up problems were labeled as “rightists” -AKA Capitalists
The reason that the plan was not working was because of these “rightists”

15. Famine
It is estimated that 20 to 30 million people died as a result of the famine
Mao called off the approach in 1959

16. Cultural Revolution
Goal is to expose “Reactionary bourgeois authorities”
Abolish 4 Olds:
Old Customs
Old Cultures
Old Habits
Old Ideas

17. Red Guard
Students and youth were used by Mao to rid the country of “those in power who are following the capitalist road”
Organization of students who are used to spread the Cultural Revolution
Students who use violent means to search and destroy Mao’s enemies

18. National Police Chief
“If people are beaten to death… it is none of our business. If you detain those who beat people to death… you will be making a big mistake.”

19. Results Public officials criticized, beaten, killed
Schools are shut down
Huge division in country about Cultural Revolution

20. Destroy the Old World

21. Big Character Poster

22. Big Character Poster
Poster is exemplary as it is the “invincible thought of Mao Zedong”. It was written by a group of Red Guards at a high school in Beijing.
Reading from Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook Patricia Buckley Ebrey ed. New York Simon and Schuster, 1993, p 450

23. Results 1966-68: 3 million officials were removed from their job
500,000 were killed or committed suicide
Country close to Civil War

24. Results Urban youth were sent to the country Education fell apart
Production in the country fell by 12% from to 1968
People learn not to trust anyone

25. 1976: A Fateful Year Zhou Enlai died in April
Earthquake in northern China killed hundreds of thousands in July
Mao died September
Message from heaven?

26. China 1978: Summary Stats Average Schooling: 4 years
Life Expectancy: 68 years
Urban Population: 17.8%
GDP per capita: approximately 2000 Yuan (at today’s exchange rate that is equivalent to about $300 per person)
Source: Dr Juefee Wang; lecture

27. Cultural Revolution
For the next few minutes, you are to work with your partner at your table on the following task:
Brainstorm a list of all of the problems in this class and at CVU

28. CVU Revolution
You are to hold a meeting run by the appointed regional leader of the Communist party. You have two goals to accomplish at the meeting:
Determine what changes should be made in this class and in the school;
Put me on trial as the “leader” of the class/school .

29. Reading
Reading from Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook Patricia Buckley Ebrey, editor New York :Simon and Schuster, 1993, p 450

30. Sources
Ebrey, Walthall and Palis; East Asia A Cultural, Social, and Political History; Houghton Mifflin Company; 2006

31. Cultural Revolution
I will compare the results of my 3 US and the World classes. The class that does the “best job” in putting me on trial and developing changes for this class will win candy for next class. I will be the final judge of which class does the “best job”.