1. Activity Report as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS – JMA
Hirotaka SATO
Climate Prediction Division (CPD)
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

2. Outline
GSN and GUAN station’s performance in JMA’s area of responsibility
Activities of JMA as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS
Problems and solutions
Training
WWR activities
A web application for viewing monthly climate data - “ClimatView”
Conclusions
Situation
Problem
&
Solution
Other
Items
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

3. GSN and GUAN station’s performance in JMA’s area of responsibility
Situation
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

4. JMA’s Area of Responsibility (AOR)
WMO Regional Association (RA)
WMO Member/
Host Institution of Lead Centre
Responsible for GSN and GUAN stations in:
RA II (Asia)
Japan (JMA)
Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Viet　Nam
Underlined: Operating GSN station
There are 14 members in JMA’s
area of responsibility.
GSN stations: 80
GUAN stations: 20
RBCN stations: 294
#As of 31 July 2016
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

5. GSN Station Performance
In general, the performance of GSN stations in JMA’s area of responsibility (AOR) has been fine.
The averaged performance index has continued to be around 0.9.
Averaged performance index for all GSN stations in JMA’s AOR
Assessed by a performance statistics agreed at the previous meeting, which takes into account timeliness (CA), correctness of format (CC) and validness of temperature (CT) and precipitation (CR).
CA, CC, CT and CR are based on GSNMC annual reports.
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

6. GSN Station Performance
Performance index of each country in JMA’s AOR for 2015
Country
Number of
Stations CA CC CT CR
Index
China 32
1.0
0.7
0.9
0.90
Japan 13
1.00
Malaysia 6
0.98
Mongolia 10
0.8
0.93
Myanmar 3
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.35
Philippines
0.75
Republic of Korea
Thailand
0.85
Viet Nam 1
Each country showed good performance.
The performance index of Myanmar dropped from 0.83 for 2014 to 0.35 for 2015
(this is mentioned later).
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

7. GSN Station Performance
Constantly high performance (> 0.90)
Malaysia, the Republic of Korea and Japan
Significant change of index
China
Viet Nam
Myanmar
CHN
JPN
MYS
MNG
MMR
PHL
KOR
PHL
THA
VNM
Performance index for each country in JMA’s AOR from 2012 to 2015
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

8. Reception Rate of RBCN Stations
[%]
[stations]
The reception rate of CLIMAT reports from RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR has been also good. However, some stations have been silent.
Reception Rate
Continuously around 85%.
0.9
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
The reception rate (line) and the number (bar) of CLIMAT reports from RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR
Note: RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR rose from 252 in October 2013 to 292 in November As of July 2016, there are 294 RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR.
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

9. Availability of GUAN Stations
[%]
Almost all of the GUAN stations in JMA’s AOR has been fine. But the performance of 2 stations in Thailand has been poor
(now in the bidding process for the new fiscal year according to the FP of Thailand).
Below this line indicates not meeting minimum requirement at least.
BANGNA(48453)
CHIANG MAI(48327)
2015
2016
% of number of soundings reaching 50hPa / 25 at each GUAN station in JMA’s AOR for each month since January 2014
Source:
Note: Every month at lease one observation on each of at least 25 days should attain the minimum requirements (temperature up to 30hPa, humidity up to the tropopause, wind direction and speed up to 30hPa).
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

10. Problem & solution Activities of JMA as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

11. Activities of JMA as CBSLC
China
Performance index
Problem
The performance index of China had been constantly above 0.90 but the index fell in 2014.
That was because CLIMAT reports from China sometimes included format errors in Specifically, some lines in CLIMAT messages contained more than 80 characters.
Solution
JMA asked China Meteorological Administration (CMA) to address this issue, and CMA improved the reports in 2015.
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

12. Activities of JMA as CBSLC
Viet Nam
Performance index
Problem
The performance index of Viet Nam had been low because the NMHS in Viet Nam could not submit CLIMAT reports at TAN SON HOA (48900), one of 2 GSN stations in Viet Nam, which was an aeronautical station operated by the airport association.
Solution
JMA had advised to the FP of Viet Nam that TAN SON HOA be deleted from GSN station list and the station was deleted from GSN station list in January 2014.
As a result, the performance index in Viet Nam improved (nearly doubled) in 2014.
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

13. Activities of JMA as CBSLC
Myanmar
Performance index
Myanmar has ed CLIMAT reports to JMA since JMA has forwarded the data to GSN Monitoring Centre in Germany and the World Data Centre for Meteorology in the USA.
Problem
In 2015, the performance index of Myanmar dropped from 0.83 for 2014 to 0.35 for 2015.
It was probably because they tended to send CLIMAT report late. CA was 0.2 for 2015.
Solution
In January 2016, JMA recommended to the FP of Myanmar that CLIMAT report be sent at the latest before 20th of the next month, which is the cut-off date for evaluating CA (and CC).
As of now, the situation has improved (estimated CA is 0.7).
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

14. Activities of JMA as CBSLC
Cambodia
Cambodia has ed the CLIMAT reports of PHNOM-PENH/POCHENTONG (48991), not a GSN station but one of 3 RBCN stations in Cambodia, every few months to JMA. JMA has forwarded the data to GSN Monitoring Centre in Germany (DWD) and the World Data Centre for Meteorology in the USA (NOAA).
Problem
Lack of timeliness.
Solution?
Ask to send CLIMAT taking some opportunities (e.g. , visiting).
When JMA’s staff members visited NMHSs for some purposes,
the members took these opportunities to advise the NMHSs to prepare CLIMAT bulletins correctly.
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

15. Activities of JMA as CBSLC
Training
Selected NMHS staff members are invited to JMA’s Group Training Course for Reinforcement of Meteorological Services (*) annually and 8 experts participated in this course in 2015.
A lecture on CLIMAT reports and the activities of CBS Lead Centre for GCOS is included in this course.
This training course has contributed to improve the reception rate and the quality of the CLIMAT reports.
* The course is organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and JMA.

16. Other Items WWR activities,
A web application for viewing monthly climate data - “ClimatView”
Other Items
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

17. Activities for WWR
JMA has contributed to the collection of the World Weather Records (WWR) for RA II.
In 2015, 8 NMHSs in RA II submitted WWR data for 2014.
China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Macao China, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Turkmenistan
JMA checked the data and forwarded them to the WMO Secretariat.

18. A tool for viewing CLIMAT data - “ClimatView”
ClimatView: Powerful tool overviewing and downloading monthly world climate data. It allows the user to see and obtain monthly mean temperatures, monthly total precipitation amounts and its anomaly or ratio as well as monthly maximum/minimum temperatures at all available stations.
Here, let me take a time to introduce a tool for viewing monthly climate data.
ClimatView is provided at JMA’s website.
This tool enables the users to overview and download monthly climate data.
The provided elements are monthly mean temperatures, monthly precipitation, monthly mean maximum/minimum temperatures.
These data are based on CLIMAT reports sent from each country.
Users can view monthly climate data, which are based on CLIMAT report from each country over the world since 1982.
Time series of monthly mean, maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly precipitation.

19. Conclusions
In general, the performance of GSN stations in JMA’s area of responsibility has been fine.
JMA and concerning NMHSs have resolved some problems on each occasion. There have remained few problem except for Myanmar and Cambodia. Efforts should be continued.

20. Thank you!
This is JMA’s Mascot Character ‘Hare-run’, not a new Pokémon.
‘Hare’ means sunny weather in Japanese,
‘Hare-ru’ means ‘it becomes sunny’.
‘Run-run’ means happiness feeling.

21. Availability of GUAN Stations
Values: % of No. of soundings each month reaching 50hPa / 25
Total: No. of soundings R
WMO_No.
Station
Total
JAN'15
FEB'15
MAR'15
APR'15
MAY'15
JUN'15
JUL'15
AUG'15
SEP'15
OCT'15
NOV'15
DEC'15
JAN'16
FEB'16
MAR'16
APR'16
MAY'16
JUN'16
JUL'16
AVG 2
45004
KOWLOON, HONG KONG
2271
264
240
256
244
428
276
216
228
196
252
260
180
176
224
360
300
254
47646
TATENO, JAPAN
1164
248
220
236
212
232
53068
ERENHOT, CHINA
1158
51709
KASHI, CHINA
1159
230
47412
SAPPORO, JAPAN
1167
200
229
50527
HAILAR, CHINA
1161
208
204
223
55299
NAGQU, CHINA
192
57461
YICHANG, CHINA
188
222
47138
POHANG, KOREA
221
52681
MINQIN, CHINA
47827
KAGOSHIMA, JAPAN
1168
219
56778
KUNMING, CHINA
1157
218 5
98223
LAOAG, PHILIPPINES
1112
116
47991
MINAMITORISHIMA, JAPAN
1177
168
172
160
144
164
48698
SINGAPORE
2311
156
184
181
47971
CHICHIJIMA, JAPAN
1189
120
152
148
47918
ISHIGAKIJIMA, JAPAN
1188 84
140
112
108 96
128
96315
BRUNEI AIRPORT
1922 88 80 92
100 72
138
48453
BANGNA , THAILAND
2224
132
104
136 40 60 44 56 52 32 99
48327
CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
1558 16
124 28 4
Average
202.2
184.8
203.4
196.8
205.8
183.8
202.4
201.4
195.8
201.2
199
189.2
192.2
201.6
192.8
207
191.6
193
197.15
GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016