1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Animals are Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic
Cells lack cell walls
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3. ~ Characteristics ~
Have a nervous system to respond to their environment - sensory
Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
Most animals develop from a zygote becoming an embryo.
A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

4. ~ Body Plans ~ Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.
Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

5. ~ Body Plans ~
An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.
An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

6. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

7. ~ Protection and Support ~
Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:
Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.
Pros? Cons?
Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.
Pros? Cons?

8. Major Phyla Porifera – Sponges Cnidaria – Corals and Jellyfish
Platyhelminthes – Flatworms
Nematoda – Roundworms
Mollusca – Clams and Octopus
Annelida – Earthworms
Arthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and Crabs
Echinodermata – Starfish and Sea Urchins
Chordata – Vertebrates including Mammals
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9. ~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla No backbones
95% of all animals are in this group

10. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Sponges
simplest form of animal life
live in water
Do not move around
no symmetry
Pores (holes) all over body
5000 species

11. Porifera Simple animals Live anchored to a rock or the ocean bottom
Marine or freshwater
Filter-feeders
Lack tissues or organ system
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12. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

13. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~
Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

14. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
Live in water
Most have tentacles
catch food with stinging cells
gut for digesting

15. Cnidaria Named for their stinging cells Marine or freshwater
Carnivorous
Radial symmetry
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Jellyfish, hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of war, sea anemone, and corals
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16. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
2 different shapes
Medusa - like a jellyfish
Polyp - like a hydra

17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~
Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Flatworms
Flat, ribbon-like body
Live in water or are parasites
bilateral symmetry

19. Platyhelminthes Flattened bodies Lack an anus Bilateral symmetry
Simplest animals to exhibit cephalization
Flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms
CDC
Cephalization is the concentration of sense organs, mouth, and brain (if present) at one end.
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20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Planaria
eyespots detect light
food and waste go in and out the same opening

21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Tapeworm
Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

22. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
Examples: Fluke
parasite
lives inside
of host

23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Roundworms
Round, tubular body
small or microscopic
bilateral symmetry
have both a mouth and anus
Live in water or are parasites

24. Nematoda Free living in soil or water with many parasitic forms
Bilateral symmetry
Most have a digestive tract with two openings
Hookworms, pinworms, ascaris, and trichinosis worm
CDC
CDC
CDC
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25. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~
Examples:
Hookworm
Trichinella

26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Segmented worms
Body divided into segments(sections)
Live in water or underground
have a nervous and circulatory system

27. Annelida Segmented worms Setae for locomotion Bilateral symmetry
Closed circulatory system
Clamworms, earthworms, leeches
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28. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class Earthworms
eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class bristleworms

30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~
Class leeches
parasites that feed on blood of other animals

31. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Soft bodies
Hard Shells
Live on land or in water
have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.
Important food source for humans

32. Mollusca Soft bodied organisms often covered with a calcareous shell
Bilateral symmetry
Most have a ventral muscular foot for locomotion
Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, octopus, and squid
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33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
snails and slugs
may have 1 shell
stomach-footed - move on stomach

34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
2 shells hinged together
clams, oysters,
scallops and mussels

35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
squids and octopuses
internal mantel

37. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~
Hard, spiny skin
Live in salt water
Radial symmetry
name means ‘spiney skinned’
endoskeleton

38. Echinodermata Radial symmetry
Calcareous plates often with external spines
Water vascular system with tube feet for locomotion
Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers
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39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~
Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
Body divided into sections/segments
Exoskeleton
Jointed legs
well developed nervous system
largest group of organisms on earth

41. Arthropoda
Body is composed of a head, thorax, and abdomen with three or more pairs of joined legs
Chitinous exoskeleton
Molt
Bilateral symmetry
Shrimp, crabs, barnacles, insects, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and crayfish
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42. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
3 subphylums:
Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

43. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
is divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders

44. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class – Arachnida
no antennae
4 pairs of legs
2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

46. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
Ancient group of species
Changed little over 350 million years
Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

48. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
Class Pycnogonida
Sea spider

49. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
Aquatic ones have gills
2 antennae
2 body regions or segmented
Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
Many species taste delicious in butter

51. Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes
Class Insecta (insects)
Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

52. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Insecta
no antennae
3 pairs of legs
2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

54. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Diplopoda
Millipedes
segmented animals
Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
Primarily herbivores & decomposers

56. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
Class Chiopoda
Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
Have 1 pair of antennae
Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey

58. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds

59. Chordata Notocord for support of the body at some stage of development
Dorsal, tubular nerve cord
Tunicate, lancelets, and vertebrates
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60. Chordata – Class Osteichthyes
Bony fishes
Specialized structures and behaviors to maintain homeostasis with regard to water balance
Some have swim bladders
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61. Chordata – Class Amphibia
Amphibians
Most live in water as a larva and on land as an adult
Moist skin
Ectotherms
Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians
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62. Chordata – Class Reptilia
Reptiles
Dry, scaly skin
Terrestrial eggs
Ectotherms
Lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles, tortoises, and tuatara
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63. Chordata – Class Aves Birds Endotherms Outer covering of feathers
Two legs with scales
Modified front limbs (wings)
Eagle, cardinal, penguin, duck, etc.
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64. Chordata – Class Mammalia
Mammals
Produce milk in mammary glands to feed their young
Breathe air
Four-chambered heart
Endotherms
Duck billed platypus, marsupials, cows, dogs, humans, etc.
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