1. P14417: B9 Plastics - Particle Filter System Design
Dan Anderson / Thomas Heberle / Perry Hosmer / Karina Roundtree / Kelly Stover
October 1, 2013

2. Agenda System Analysis Concept Selection Next Steps
Recap: Background Info. & Requirements
System Analysis
Functional Decomposition
Concept Analysis
Concept Selection
System Architecture
Engineering Analysis
Risk Assessment
Test Plan
Next Steps

3. Background Information & Requirements

4. Problem Statement Current State:
In order to use the Better Water Maker (BWM) users must first pour the water through a cloth before being treated.
Desired State:
The device should clear particles from water to allow the BWM to operate more effectively.
The device should be simple to use and operable by both women and children.
Project Goals:
Analyze the design selected by P13418
Improve the effectiveness of the Better Water Maker
Notable Constraints:
Must be usable by both women and children
Only locally available materials may be consumed
Must not negatively impact the smell and taste of water

5. Customer Requirements
Rev /6/13
Rank: 9 high,3 med,1 low
Category
Customer Req. #
Importance
Description
Comment/Status
Constraints
CR1 3
Flow rate must be at least 1 lpm
Ease of Use
CR2 9
Easy to Clean/Recharge
CR3
Lightweight for transport.
CR4
Has a minimal start-up period.
CR5
Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.)
Economics
CR6
Filter is Inexpensive
CR7
Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement
CR8
Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.)
Functionality
CR9
Improves UV Transmission
CR10
Removes Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids)
CR11
Does not negatively affect the taste of the water
Safety
CR12
Safe to use. (No hazardous releases)

6. Engineering Requirements
Rev /6/13
Category
Customer Requirement
Function
Metrics
Direction
Units
Marginal
Target
Constraints
Flowrate
Meet flow rate constraint
Amt of water per min. ^
lpm (Liters per Minute) 1 2
Ease of Use
Easy to Clean/Recharge
Easy to prepare for use
Time to clean v
Minutes 10 5
Lightweight for transport.
Minimize weight of filter
Weight in LBs
LBs (Pounds)
Has a minimal start-up period.
Minimize start-up
Time to begin filtering
s (seconds) 30
Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.)
Doesn't need power source
Binary (Yes/No) - No
Economics
Filter is Inexpensive
Minimize cost of filter
Total cost to produce
$ (dollars) 25 20
Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement
Maximize durability of filter
Mean Time To Failure
hrs (hours)
365
912.5
Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.)
Minimize cost to maintain
Annual cost to operate
Functionality
Removes Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids), improves UV TRANSMISSION
Turbidity is decreased
Yes
total suspended solids decreased
amt of total suspended solids
mg/L (milligrams per liter)
Does not negatively affect the taste of the water
No negative taste of water
Percent of people who say water tastes bad %
Safety
Safe to use. (No hazardous releases)
Doesn't produce hazardous release
Use requirements to create visual representation of the most critical requirements.

7. Engineering Requirements
House of Quality
Engineering Requirements
Needs
Priority
Turbidity is decreased
Total suspended solids decreased
Minimize cost of filter
Maximize durability of filter
Minimize cost to maintain
No negative taste of water
Doesn't produce hazardous release
Meet flowrate constraint
Easy to prepare for use
Minimize weight of filter
Minimize start-up
Doesn't need power source
Flowrate must be at least 1 lpm 3 x
Easy to Clean/Recharge 9
Lightweight for transport.
Has a minimal start-up period.
Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.)
Filter is Inexpensive
Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement
Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.)
Improves UV Transmission
Removes Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids)
Does not negatively affect the taste of the water
Safe to use. (No hazardous releases)
Measure
Binary (Yes/No)
mg/L (milligrams per liter)
$ (dollars)
hrs (hours) %
lpm (Liters per Minute)
Minutes
LBs (Pounds)
s (seconds)
Sum of (Priority) 18 12

8. System Analysis

9. Functional Decomposition
Remove UV absorbing particles from water
Clean / recharge filter
Access water
Collect water
Introduce water and filter
Separate water and particles
Generate different forces on the particles and the water
Convert energy to work to separate particles
Isolate and contain filtered water
Restrict cross-contamination (barrier)

10. Morphological Analysis
Clean / recharge filter
Rinse with “clean” water
Brush
Soap
Collect water
Bucket
Gerry can
Bag
Canteen
Introduce water and filter
Pour / push water through filter
Push filter through water
Pull filter from bottom of water
Generate different forces on particles and water
“French-press”
Chemical process (large particles stick together and sink)
“Colander” style
Mesh filter at top
Pump (pull water from source, push through spigot)
Centrifuge
Magnet draws filter through water to adjust diameter
Vortex pushes particles down, pump clean water out
Energy to separate
Gravitational
Electromagnetic
Electrical
Human Power
Mechanical
Chemical
Restrict Cross-contamination
Filter is barrier
Physically move water to different container
Scoop out particles

11. Concept Generation

12. Spring Aided French Press
Pugh Analysis
Criteria
French Press
Lid with Diffuser
Spring Aided French Press
MagNet
Pump
Chemical Treatment
Colander
Centrifuge
Adjustable
Datum +
Cheap Production S -
Durability
Ease of Use
Flow rate
Weight
Size
Easy to clean
Cross-contamination
Hazard s
Easy to repair
Replacement parts
Transportation

13. MagNet Pros Cons Adjustable diameter Reduced user intervention
Self Aligning
Cons
Expensive
Difficult to repair

14. Springs
Pros
Good flow rate
Cons
Complex
Bulky

15. Colander Pros Cons Simple Large mesh area
Not as durable as other ideas

16. Lid Selected Concept! Pros Cons Easy to use Compact Simple
Lift water to pour in
Have to take apart to clean
Selected Concept!

17. Vertical Positioning Device
System Architecture
Diffuser Plate
Mesh Filter(s)
Fasteners
Vertical Positioning Device

18. Engineering Analysis Diffuser Plate Mesh Filter(s) Fasteners
Thickness
Necessary hole size
Mesh Filter(s)
Mesh size
Flow rate
Multiple filters
Fasteners
Easily disassembled for cleaning
Vertical Positioning Device
Volume of water to be filtered
Materials
Contents of water
Amount of water to be filtered at a time

19. Risk Assessment ID Risk Item Effect Cause Liklihood Severity
Importance
Mitigation 1
Concentration of Stress
Damage to filter within 2 years
Repeated use of filter 2 3 6
Spread load about the edge of filter
Leakage
UV Absorbing particles reach "cleaned" water
Not a tight seal
Use rubber gasket, clamped down tightly
Stress on clamp /fastener
Calculate necessary force rating
Filter may be too tall
Not enough room for "clean" water
Planning issues, imprecise calculations
Calculate necessary height ASAP, test for fill amount

20. Risk Assessment ID Risk Item Effect Cause Liklihood Severity
Importance
Mitigation 4
Corrosion
Water tastes bad, equipment fails
Improper cleaning, interaction of materials with water 1 3
Use materials which won't corrode, provided clear cleaning instruction 5
Flow rate does not meet requirement
Not meeting customer needs
Insufficient area of filter/diffuser, filter isn't porous enough 2 6
Increase surface area of filter, find more porous materials
Cleaning is difficult
Users may not clean properly or often enough
Difficult to take apart, reassemble 9
Supply cleaning instruction, minimize number of parts, minimize disassembly/assembly time, visual cues

21. Risk Assessment ID Risk Item Effect Cause Liklihood Severity
Importance
Mitigation 7
Costs more that $25/unit
Product may not be used
Materials selection, construction 3 9
Design to be low cost 8
Weight is too much
Too heavy for women and children
Materials selection 1
Ergonomic study, design to allow women and children to use
Incorrect usage
Filter could break, water not cleaned
Not intuitive, poor instructions
Use visuals whenever possible, minimize text, poka-yoke 10
Stability issues with bucket
Bucket tips, breaks, etc
Poor structural design, unlevel surface 2
Proper attachments, Instructions include level

22. Test Plan Mesh Layers (Flow rate) Diffuser Plate Fastening Equipment
Compensate for water build up
Diffuser Plate
Force of water
Fastening Equipment
Stress Test
Lip Level
Forces due to weight of water
Handles
Structural integrity
Test Smallest Mesh & Layer Mesh
We need to calculate the flow rate over the total given area to compensate for water build up. 
We need to calculate the flow rate through these layers to eliminate water build up on fine mesh level. 
Test Diffuser Plate 
Overall force of water, as well as the flow rate we need to distribute the water over the whole surface area. 
Test Fastening Equipment
We will have to conduct stress testing on whatever is hold all the components together. 
Test on Lip Level
This level is holding all the water that is poured into our filter system so it needs to withstand the overall weight of the water. 
Test on Handles
We need to do stress testing on the handles. 

23. Next Steps

24. Milestones Ahead Critical Subsystems & Interfaces
Demonstrate feasibility in greater detail.
10/8/2013
Next Level Decomposition
Identify Subsystems & Determine Specs.
10/12/2013
Proof of Concept
Analysis, Simulations & Prototyping of Critical Subsystems.
10/20/2013
Subsystem Design Review
Present & Demonstrate POC
10/24/2013

25. Looking Forward Immediate Next Steps
Use feedback from SDR to revisit areas as necessary
Engineering Analysis Tasks
Determine specific methods/equations for test plan.
Identify Critical Subsystems & associated Specifications

26. Questions / Comments