1. The animal kingdom

2. What is an Animal? Eukaryotic Multicellular Do not have a cell wall
Heterotrophs
Mobile at one point in their life
Reproduce sexually

3. Do you have a backbone? YES! Vertebrates have a backbone and skeleton
Invertebrates do not have a backbone
95% of all animals!

4. Characteristics used to classify Animals
Levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, organ tissues
Number of body layers during development
Ectoderm(skin), mesoderm(muscle), endoderm (lungs)
Symmetry: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical
Radial Symmetry: Organism can be divided along any plane and be symmetrical
Bilateral Symmetry: Can only be divided along one axis

5. Body Cavities
Segmentation: Body is broken into repetitive sections
Movement
Reproduction: Reproduce sexually via gamete production

6. Invertebrates

7. Sponges and Cnidarians
Found in salt and fresh water
Asymmetrical body
Two layers of tissue
They are sessile
WHAT??????

8. Cnidarians: Like jellyfish and coral Two body forms:
Polyp: Sessile, tube shaped
Medusa: Free Swimming, umbrella shaped

9. Cnidarians

10. 2) Worms
Simple nervous system with a brain-like concentration of cells
They have a segmented body = ANNELIDS

11. 3) Molluscs Like clams, mussels and oyster's Bilateral symmetry
Three layers of cells
Soft body, protected by a hard shell in some

12. 4) Echinoderms Like sea urchins, sea cucumbers Marine animals
Radial symmetry
Spiny endoskeletons = internal skeleton that protects the organs
Have tube feet, which acts as suction cups

13. 5)Arthropods Spiders, scorpions and insects OH MY! Largest phylum!
They have a hard exoskeleton, which acts to protect and prevent drying out
Have legs with many segmented parts.

14. Vertebrates – phylum chordata
Organized into 5 classes: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and animals
Aside form fish, the other four classes developed from tetrapods – a vertebrate with 2 pairs of limbs
Common characteristics:
They have a notochord = rod shape that extends the length of the body
They have a dorsal nerve = tube shape cord

15. Class - fish All have gills to obtain dissolved oxygen from water
Habitat: fresh water or salt water
Size: <1cm (dwarf carp)  12m (whale shark)
Evolved traits:
Paired fins & jaws  sharks and rays
Skeleton  “bony fish”
Oldest fish = lamprey – no fins, no jaw, no skeleton!

16. Class - Amphibians First “terrestrial” tetrapods
Their life cycle is only partially on land
Able to do this because of the evolution of lungs and using their skin as an organ for gas exchange
They mostly reproduce using external fertilization

17. Class - Reptiles Divided into 3 orders of reptiles:
1) lizards and snakes
2) turtles
3) crocodilians
Evolved to not be dependent on living in aquatic ecosystems
Development of body scales = waterproof barrier to prevent dehydration
Dependent on lungs (no moist skin!)
Shelled eggs = prevent dehydration
Internal fertilization, since no longer in aquatic environments!

18. Class - Birds Evolved after reptiles Have feathers Most birds can fly
Weight saving adaptations
Bones are lightweight and hollow
Toothless skull
Compact bodies
Internal fertilization and shelled eggs, like reptiles

19. Reptiles vs Birds
Although related, based on common characteristics, there are differences that have evolved:
Difference #1
Reptiles = ectothermic – dependent on environment for body temp
Birds = endothermic – use own metabolism to determine body temp

20. Difference #2
Reptiles – circulatory system has a 3 chamber heart
Birds – have a four chamber heart

21. Class - mammals Endothermic, 4 heart chambers, well developed brains…
Have mammary glands (females) – production of milk for young
Have hair for multiple purposes:
Insulation
Communication / defense
Camouflage
Some species have “reduced” hair – like humans, elephants and mole rats

22. Mammals – into 3 groups Momotremes Egg laying mammals!
Only examples: duck billed platypus
2) Marsupials
Pouched mammals
Ex. Kangaroos and koala bears

23. 3) Placental mammals
Have a placenta – organ that develops during pregnancy for nutrient and oxygen exchange between the mother and developing offspring

25. Echinoderm

26. Amphibian

27. Arthropods

28. Molluscs

29. Mammal-Marsupials

30. HW:
Pg 124 #11-14