1. Experimental studies on the KbarN interaction
- Recent Topics from J-PARC -
F. Sakuma, RIKEN
on behalf of the J-PARC
E15/E31/E57/E62 collaboration
SNP2017, Mar , 2017, Osaka

2. Physics Motivation provide new insight on M-B interaction in media
Meson properties change in nuclear media?
KbarN interaction : attractive in I=0
 A good probe for low energy QCD
W.Weise NPA553, 59 (1993). 1 2 3
provide new insight on M-B interaction in media

3. Investigation of KbarN int. @ J-PARC
S.Ohnish et al.,PRC93(2016)
KbarN
Calculation on
KbarN amplitude
in I = 0 ?
M. Bazzi et al.,
(SIDDHARTA Coll.),
Phys. Lett. B704(2011)113
KbarNN: E27/E15
L(1405): E31
K-atom: E62/E57
ＫＮ pS
𝐼= 1 2 , 𝐽 𝑃 = 0 −
- Sensitive in different energy region & isospin -
expected to be produced as a
L(1405)p doorway

4. Kaonic-Atom Measurements

5. KbarN Interaction at the threshold
Low-energy K-p scattering
Kaonic hydrogen X-ray
M. Bazzi et al.,(SIDDHARTA Coll.),
Phys. Lett. B704(2011)113
S.Ohnish et al.,PRC93(2016)
KbarN

6. KbarN Interaction at the threshold
Low-energy K-p scattering
Kaonic hydrogen X-ray
isospin dependent KbarN
J-PARC E57:
kaonic deuterium with SDD
S.Ohnish et al.,PRC93(2016)
J.Zmeskal
J-PARC E62:
kaonic 3He/4He with TES
KbarN
S.Okada

7. KbarN Interaction via Kaonic-atoms
S.Okada, 21th J-PARC PAC

8. E62: K-nucleus Potential
S.Okada, 21th J-PARC PAC

9. E62: K3/4HeX with TES
S.Okada, 21th J-PARC PAC

10. Precise measurement @ SIDDHARTA
E57: KdX Measurement
K-p scattering length
Precise SIDDHARTA
the strong‐int. shift and width of the kaonic hydrogen 1s
K-d scattering length
NO experimental results
due to the difficulty of the X‐ray measurement
missing information in the low-energy KbarN int.
KpX
J.Zmeskal, 20th J-PARC PAC

11. Commissioning Runs Scheduled in 2018 Successfully performed in 2016
S.Okada, 23th J-PARC PAC
Successfully performed in 2016
E62: TES under beam-condition
E57: K-Li La with prototype SDD
J.Zmeskal, 23th J-PARC PAC
Scheduled in 2018
E62: production
E57: start from K-p before K-d

12. L(1405) Measurement

13. KbarN Interaction below the threshold
KbarN int. plays an important role for L(1405)
L(1405) or L(1420)
Depending on KbarN int. model
𝐽 𝑃 = −
Moriya et al., (CLAS Coll.),
Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(2014)082004 s
KbarN molecular from LQCD
J.M.M. Hall et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(2015) ?
S.Ohnish et al.,PRC93(2016)
KbarN

14. Spectral Shape of L(1405)? g/p-induced experiments
Spectral shape is still controversial
𝑝𝑝→ 𝐾 + 𝑝 𝜋 − Σ + , 𝐾 + 𝑝 𝜋 + Σ −
𝛾𝑝→ 𝐾 + 𝜋 − Σ + , 𝐾 + 𝜋 0 Σ 0 , 𝐾 + 𝜋 + Σ −
CLAS collaboration:　PRC87, 　
HADES collaboration:　PRC87, 　

15. Measurement of L(1405) line shape via KbarNpS
J-PARC E31 Experiment
Measurement of L(1405) line shape via KbarNpS K- d n 𝑲
𝝅 ∓,𝟎
𝜮 ±,𝟎 𝑵
Inoue
d(K-,n)pS reactions at qn~0 degree to enhance S-wave KbarNpS reaction K- n d
L(1405)
1 GeV/c
~1.25 GeV/c
~0.25 GeV/c S p
Decomposition of I=0 and 1 amplitudes by identifying final state
L(1405)
I = 0
S wave
𝝅 ± 𝚺 ∓ , 𝝅 𝟎 𝚺 𝟎
S(1385)
I = 1
P wave
𝝅 ± 𝚺 ∓ , 𝝅 𝟎 𝚲
Non-resonant
I = 0,1
S,P,D,…

16. I = 0, 1 Mode (p±S∓) preliminary
c.f.
Faddeev calc. (AGS)
S.Ohnishi et al.,
PRC93(2016)025207
K-p
w/ angular dependence
preliminary
interference between the I = 0 and 1 terms of the pS scattering amplitudes is observed

17. Comparison between I = 0, 1 (p±S∓) & I = 1 (p-S0)
preliminary
I = 0 dominant below the threshold
|T(0)|2/|T(1)|2 ~ 100

18. I = 0 Mode (p0S0) preliminary The pure I = 0 channel is observed
For further statistics:
E31-2nd will be performed in May-Jun. 2017

19. Kaonic-Nuclei Searches

20. Y.Akaishi & T.Yamazaki, PLB535, 70(2002).
Kaonic Nuclei
Bound states of nucleus and anti-kaon
Predicted as a consequence of attractive KbarN interaction in I=0
the simplest kaonic nuclei:
𝐼= 1 2 , 𝐽 𝑃 = 0 −
KbarN ?
Y.Akaishi & T.Yamazaki, PLB535, 70(2002).

21. Theoretical Calculations on KbarNN
KbarN int.
Chiral SU(3)
(energy dependent)
Phenomenological
(energy independent)
Method
Variational
Faddeev
Barnea, Gal, Liverts
Dote, Hyodo, Weise
Ikeda, Kamano, Sato
Yamazaki, Akaishi
Wyceck, Green
Shevchenko, Gal, Mares
Ikeda, Sato
B (MeV) 16
17-23
9-16 48
40-80
50-70
60-95
G (MeV) 41
40-70
34-46 61
40-85
90-110
45-80
KbarN interaction model:
Chiral SU(3) [energy dependent]
Phenomenological [energy independent]
Calculation method:
Almost the same results = depending on KbarN interaction
 B.E. ~ 20 MeV
 B.E. ~ MeV

22. Pioneering Experiments on KbarNN
B.E. = 103MeV
G = 118MeV
B.E. = 115MeV
G = 67MeV
“K-pp”Lp?
Exp/Sim
PRL94(2005)212303
PRL104(2010)132502
6Li+7Li+12C(stopped K-, Lp)
p + p  (L + p) GeV
2NA followed by FSI?
PRC74(2006)025206
PRC82(2010) etc.
ppp(N*)p(LK+)?
PRC92(2015)044002
vs.
K.Suzuki, HYP2015 talk

23. Comparison between Calcs. and Exps.
Binding energy
Chiral:
B.E. ~ 20MeV
Phenomenological:
B.E. ~ 40-80MeV
FINUDA/DISTO (if KbarNN):
B.E. ~ 100MeV
Width
almost agreement in G~40-100MeV
Theor.: mesonic decay
Exp.: non-mesonic decay
Phenomenological
Chiral
Upper limits were also obtained:
[Inclusive d(g, K+p-)X]
[Exclusive pppLK+]

24. Recent Measurement at J-PARC E27
Exclusive p+dK+Yp
pp+ = 1.69 GeV/c
Dp/p ~ 2x10-3
DW ~ 100 msr
final-state is identified by MM[d(p+,K+pp)X]
Bump structure in S0p decay mode:
Mass
Binding energy
Width
M(p+S+N)
M(K+p+p)
S0p
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2015) 021D01.

25. Recent Measurement at J-PARC E27
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2015) 021D01.
Decay branch:
S0p Lp
ds2/dW/dM2-14 deg.(Lab) [mb/sr/(15MeV/c2)]
preliminary
M(K+p+p)
M(p+S+N)
Theor. Cal. on Y*NYN : GLp/GS0p = 1.2
Sekihara, Jido, Kanda-En’yo PRC79(2009)062201(R).
ds/dW“K-pp”S0p:
Y.Ichikawa, PhD-thesis. Kyoto-U (2015)
1.69GeV/c:
ds/dWL(1405)=36.9mb/sr
BNL, NPB56(1973)15
= (ds/dW”K-pp”Yp) / (ds/dWL(1405)) ~ 7-8%
 large prob. of L(1405)p“K-pp”
c.f., large prob. in DISTO, but < 50% in HADES
T.Nagae

26. J-PARC E15 Experiment 3He(in-flight K-,n) reaction @ 1.0 GeV/c
2NA processes and Y decays can be discriminated kinematically
semi-inclusive 3He(K-,n)
T. Hashimoto et al., PTEP (2015) 061D01.
exclusive (K-,Lp)nmissing
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.

27. Exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n --- result of E15-1st in 2013 ---
Y.Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.

28. Experimental Setup
15m

29. n-ID from Inclusive 3He(K-,Lp)X
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.
S0pn
YNNpp
Lpn
Lpns
(2NA)
x20
Lpn
S0pn
YNNpp
YNNp
YNNppp
YNNp
YNNppp
Global fit both in Lp invariant- and missing-mass
s ~ 10 MeV/c2
w/ simulated spectra of 2NA/3NA
Neutron was identified by kinematics
3He(K-, Lp)nmissing
3NA(Lpn):
# of Lpn events: ~200
S0pn contamination: ~20%

30. Exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n A bump structure exists near the K-pp threshold
Prefers Smaller momentum transfer to Lp (0.8<cosqCMn)
S=-1 dibaryon?
L*N?
KbarNN? …
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.

31. Assuming a Breit-Wigner
c2-test with pole & 3NA(Ypn)
– S-wave Breit-Wigner pole
– w/ Gaussian form-factor
[B.E = 15 MeV/c2]
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.

32. A Theoretical Interpretation
Sekihara, Oset, Ramos, PTEP(2016)123D03.
Chiral unitary approach
Sekihara
quasi-elastic
kaon
scattering
Uncorrelated
L(1405)p
state
KbarNN
bound-state
B=16MeV
G=72 MeV
Opt.A (Watson)
Opt.A (Watson)
M[K+p+p]
M[K+p+p]

33. E15-2nd Experiment --- completed in Dec. 2015 ---
What is the structure observed in E151st data?
E15-2nd Experiment --- completed in Dec
E15-1st in 2013
E15-2nd in 2015
data-taking
4 days
3 weeks
(K-,n)
~7 times more data
(K-,Lp)
~30 times more data*
* dedicated trigger was introduced for (K-,Lp)
Will be published as “T.Yamaga et al., XXX (2017) XXX.”

34. Results of 3He(K-,Lp)n [E15-2nd]
IM(Lp)
Structures around the Kpp threshold can be seen
= bound-state + QF
M(K+p+p)
preliminary
Structures are concentrated in forward-n region
= small momentum-transfer
detector
acceptance
cos(qn)

35. Results of 3He(K-,Lp)n [E15-2nd]
detector
acceptance
𝟎.𝟕<𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽𝒏𝑪𝑴<𝟏.𝟎
𝟎.𝟎<𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽𝒏𝑪𝑴<𝟎.𝟕
Above M(Kpp)
 QF = [Quasi-elastic K] x [KNNLp]
Below M(Kpp)
 Bound-State!?
𝟎.𝟕<𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽𝒏𝑪𝑴<𝟏.𝟎
missing acceptance
Flat distribution prop. to phase space  Point like 3NA?
preliminary
(𝟎.𝟎<𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽𝒏𝑪𝑴<𝟎.𝟕)
×𝟎.𝟒𝟕

36. Results of 3He(K-,Lp)n [E15-2nd]
Simple fitting w/o 3NA
B.S.: Breit-Wigner
QF: Gaussian
w/ S0p contamination
Well reproduce the spectrum
B.E ~ 34 MeV/c2
G ~ 75 MeV/c2
preliminary
 Fermi-mom. Eff.
 from MM(3He(K-,Lp)X)
preliminary

37. Results of 3He(K-,Lp)n [E15-2nd]
cosqn dependence
detector
acceptance
𝟎.𝟕5<𝐜𝐨𝐬𝜽𝒏𝑪𝑴<𝟏.𝟎
preliminary
0.95<cosqn<1.0
0.90<cosqn<0.95
0.85<cosqn<0.90
0.80<cosqn<0.85
0.75<cosqn<0.80

38. Results of 3He(K-,Lp)n [E15-2nd]
Peak position
Width
Gaussian
Breit-Wigner
Above M(K-pp):
peak shift by recoil kaon energy
Below M(K-pp):
peak is independent to cosqn
( ~ momentum transfer)
Similar tendency as a theoretical calc. QF
B.S.
Sekihara, Oset, Ramos,
PTEP(2016)123D03

39. Present Status of KbarNN
Exp. CANDIDATES
Upper limit
LEPS/HADES
B.E ~ MeV
E15
B.E. ~ 100 MeV
FINUDA/DISTO/E27
Theor. calculations.
Difficult to reproduce deeply bound state using normal KbarN int.
E15-2nd ?
Phenomenological
Chiral
For further understanding:
L(1405) production  L*N doorway
pSN decay channel  new info. of KbarNN

40. Summary To investigate the KbarN interaction,
various experiments are proposed/conducting at J-PARC
- Sensitive in different energy region & isospin -
Kaonic-atom: E62/E57
will start in 2018/2019
L(1405): E31
1st: analysis will be finalized
2nd: will start in 2017
KbarNN: E27/E15
fruitful results were obtained in E27/E151st
analysis of E152nd data is going on
E153rd be discussed after analyzing new data

41. The Collaborations @ J-PARC K1.8BR
J-PARC E15/E31 collaboration

42. Spares

43. KbarN Interaction below the threshold
L(1405) plays an important role
𝐽 𝑃 = −
Moriya et al., (CLAS Coll.),
Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(2014) s
KbarN molecular from LQCD
J.M.M. Hall et al.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(2015)
S.Ohnish et al.,PRC93(2016)
KbarN

44. Recent Measurement at LEPS
A.O. Tokiyasu et al., Phys. Lett. B 728 (2014) 616.
Inclusive d(g, K+p-)X
Eg = GeV
cosqlabK+/p- > 0.95
sMM ~ 10 MeV
BG: gNK+p-L/S/L(1520)
NO peak structure
U.L.: mb
(= % CS of gdK+p-Y)
M[K+p+p]
 LEPS2 (4p measurement)

45. Recent Measurement at HADES
Kpp th
G. Agakishiev et al., Phys. Lett. B 742 (2015) 242
Exclusive pppLK+
E = 3.5 GeV
Bonn–Gatchina PWA
Well reproduces the data with N* resonances
pppN*pLK+
NO peak structure
U.L.: mb
(= 2-12% CS of pppK+L)
L(1405) production = 9.2 mb
 s(X=KbarNN)/s(L*) < ~50%
PRC87(2013)025201
vs.
DISTO: s(X) > 2.85GeV
 Combined analysis with COSY-TOF/DISTO/HOPI/HADES (pppK+L)

46. Only 4days data-taking in 2013
E15: Publications
E151st experiment:
Only 4days data-taking in 2013
inclusive 3He(K-,n)X
exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n
T. Hashimoto et al., PTEP (2015) 061D01.
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.

47. Semi-Inclusive 3He(K-,n)X
DATA
sub-threshold
excess
(Y* and/or KbarNN?)
Quasi Elastic
K- + 3He  K- + n + ps + ps
ds/dWq=0deg ~ 6mb/sr
Charge-Exchange
K- + 3He  K0 + n + ds
ds/dWq=0deg ~ 11mb/sr MC
T. Hashimoto et al., PTEP (2015) 061D01.

48. Semi-Inclusive 3He(K-,n)X
NO bump structure
FINUDA/DISTO/
E27
T. Hashimoto et al., PTEP (2015) 061D01.

49. Assuming a Breit-Wigner
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.
phase space
Breit-Wigner
form factor
B.E = (stat.) ± 12(syst.) MeV/c2
= (stat.) ± 27(syst.) MeV/c2
Q = MeV/c

50. Experimental Setup Beamline spectrometer Target System
1.0 GeV/c K-
Dp/p: 0.2%
Target System
~0.5l Liquid 1.4K
r = g/cm3
Cylindrical Detector System
Acceptance: 54<q<126 deg.
59% of 4p
Dpt/pt: 5.3% pt + 0.5%/b
Neutron Counter
Acceptance: 20 msr
Dp/p for 1.2GeV/c n: 0.7%

51. A Theoretical Interpretation
Sekihara, Oset, Ramos, arXiv:
Chiral unitary approach
Sekihara, Tue. A-1
KbarNN state
Sekihara, Oset, Ramos,
arXiv:
A: Watson app.
B: Faddeev app.
B=16MeV, G=72 MeV
quasi-elastic kaon
scattering
M[K+p+p]
KbarNN bound-state picture reproduces the data
 The data CANNOT be explained with uncorrelated L(1405)p

52. E15 1st vs 2nd
Y. Sada et al., PTEP (2016) 051D01.
E15-2nd

53. Exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n The events widely distribute in the phase space
Contribution from 2NA processes seem to be small
Event concentration is seen at TCMn/QCM~0.4

54. Exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n
E151st
E152nd
preliminary

55. KbarNN or NOT? --- Other Possibilities
A structure near KbarNN threshold
L(1405)N bound state
loosely-bound system, I=1/2, Jp=0-
various decay modes, LN/SN/pSN
pLN-pSN dibaryon
structure near pSN threshold
I=3/2, Jp=2+  no Lp decay (I=1/2)?
Double-pole KbarNN
loosely-bound KbarNN, &
broad resonance near the pSN threshold  pSN decay
Partial restoration of Chiral symmetry
enhancement of the KbarN interaction in dense nuclei
T. Uchino et al., NPA868(2011)53.
A structure near pSN threshold
H. Garcilazo, A. Gal, NPA897(2013)167.
A. Dote, T. Inoue, T. Myo, PTEP (2015) 043D02.
S. Maeda, Y. Akaishi, T. Yamazaki, Proc. Jpn. Acad., B89(2013)418.

56. Smaller momentum transfer is preferred
Exclusive 3He(K-,Lp)n
Small cos(qn)
M[K+p+p]
preliminary
sliced
Large cos(qn)
Sekihara, Oset, Ramos,
arXiv:
Smaller momentum transfer is preferred

57. 3He(K-,Lp)n: Decay Channel
M[K+p+p]
preliminary Lp
S0p
sliced Lp
S0p
Lp~S0p
S0p
pYN
S0p~pYN
G(Lp) > G(S0p) !?

58. 3He(K-,Lp)n: q-dependence
M[K+p+p]
preliminary
Kinematical
Limit

60. K+ π+ E27: Experimental Setup K1.8 beam line spectrometer
SKS spectrometer
K1.8 beam line spectrometer
1.69 GeV/c p+
Dp/p ~ 2x10-3
SKS spectrometer
GeV/c K+
DW ~ 100 msr
Target : liquid deuterium (1.99 g/cm2) K+ π+
K1.8 beam line
spectrometer
pπ = 1.69 GeV/c
Y.Ichikawa

61. “K-pp” signal is hidden by QF!?
E27: Inclusive d(p+,K+)X
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2014) 101D03.
expected spectrum
“K-pp” signal is hidden by QF!?
+ data
- expected
SN-LN cusp
Y* mass shift?
Ichikawa, Tue. A-1
Tokiyasu, Fri. E-1
T.Nagae

62. K+ π+ E27: Experimental Setup K1.8 beam line spectrometer
SKS spectrometer
K1.8 beam line spectrometer
1.69 GeV/c p+
Dp/p ~ 2x10-3
SKS spectrometer
GeV/c K+
DW ~ 100 msr
Target : liquid deuterium (1.99 g/cm2) K+ π+
Range Counter Arrays
Range Counter Arrays (RCA)
5 layers of Plastic scinti.
deg. (L+R)
50 cm TOF
Y.Ichikawa

63. E27: One-Proton Coincidence
pp > 250 MeV/c
QFs are suppressed
SN-LN cusp is clearly 2.13 GeV/c2
Broad enhancement is 2.28 GeV/c2
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2015) 021D01.
< 1p coincidence spectrum >
< 1p coincidence probability > =
< Inclusive spectrum >
SN-LN cusp
Broad bump

64. E27: Two-Proton Coincidence
pp > 250 MeV/c
QFs are suppressed
SN-LN cusp is clearly 2.13 GeV/c2
Broad enhancement is 2.28 GeV/c2
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2015) 021D01.
< 2p coincidence spectrum >
< 2p coincidence probability > =
Y.Ichikawa, PhD-thesis.
Kyoto-U (2015)
< Inclusive spectrum >
SN-LN cusp
Broad bump
Y.Ichikawa

65. E27: Decay Mode Separation① ② ③
Y. Ichikawa et al., PTEP (2015) 021D01.
Decay mode can be separated with MM[d(p+,K+pp)X]
two-protons in final state: K+Lp, K+S0p, K+Ypp ① ② ③