1. Warm-up: What is foreign policy?
a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives
US Foreign Policy goals-- "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community."

2. 21st-Century United States
Foreign Policy

3. Factors that shaped Foreign Policy
Economics
Multi-national corporations
Economic power elite
Military industrial complex
Ideology
Vision of national greatness—America’s mission
Racial hierarchy
Extremely anti-revolutionary
Unilateralism—acting alone and independent
Domestic politics
Most Americans are ill-informed
Nation of immigrants
Can’t appear weak
Rise of Imperial President
Bypass checks & balances
Violates foundation of American government
Resource wars
oil

4. Policy up to 2000
Isolationism was practice throughout 19th and 20th century except during:
War with Spain 1898
World War I
World War II
After WWII, the Cold War began and US foreign policy was containment: containing communism and not letting it spread
At the end of the Cold War (1991), US foreign policy was all about nation building—until Sept. 11, 2001

5. 1992 Somalia-US troops to stop civil war but failed to stop it
U.S. Military Intervention in the 1990s
1992 Somalia-US troops to stop civil war but failed to stop it
Many Americans favored economic support for foreign countries.
Just as many feared lending military support to embattled nations.
1994 Haiti-US troops to stop civil turmoil
But Clinton felt several conflicts demanded U.S intervention.
1995 Bosnia-US troops to stop ethnic cleansing of Muslims & Croats 5

6. Conflict in the Middle East increased in the 1990s.
Fighting between the Israelis and Palestinians became more violent
In 2000, Clinton brought Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and Israeli leader Ehud Barak to Camp David to broker a peace agreement between them.
It was not successful.

7. The U.S. itself became a target of Middle Eastern extremists.
A terrorist group called al Qaeda exploded a bomb in the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993.
The group also set off bombs killing more 225 people at American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
In 2000, they attacked the USS Cole, a warship anchored off Yemen, killing 17 American sailors.
In 2001, al Qaeda terrorist attack on US soil, killing
Almost 3000 people and wounding over 6000 more.
American leaders learned that fighting terrorism would be extremely difficult. 7

8. America’s Foreign Policy 2001
2001—George Bush Administration
September 11, 2001
Preventative war
“Changing” international order
More intimidation than of credibility
In the United States “national interests”
Democracy
Economics/Trade
Big business profit---outsourcing
2010-advancing American interests
Security of American people
Growing U.S. economy
Support for our values
An international order that can address 21st-Century challenges

9. Activity:
Foreign policy reading handout

12. America’s Foreign Policy
In the United States “national interests”
Democracy
Economics/Trade
Big business profit---outsourcing
2010-advancing American interests
Security of American people
Growing U.S. economy
Support for our values
An international order that can address 21st-Century challenges

13. America & The World Turn of 21st-Century view was interventionist
UN-United Nations
International organization but steered by US
WTO-World Trade Organization
Free-trade agreements
IMF-International Monetary Fund
Controls international credit and exchange rates
World Bank
Makes money available for development projects in many countries…it’s in America’s interest to support because many US exports go to countries that pay for goods with World Bank funds

14. America & Global Trade
Republicans usually support big business & free trade
Democrats usually support labor and oppose loss of American jobs
Clinton (centrist) supported free trade blocs, which would increase the economic prosperity of particular regions
Clinton signed 270 free trade agreements
NAFTA---Canada, US, Mexico gradual removal of trade restrictions…final 2008
GATT—WTO
Nations exposed in free trade have become more democratic & engaging in free trade can strengthen economic ties

15. US Opposition to Globalization
Labor unions
Export of jobs
Other groups
Humanitarian—working conditions
New class of “slave laborers”
Environmentalists
Exporting industrial pollution & toxic waste

16. Other Nation’s Opposition
Resented way world economy left them in poverty—exploited & oppressed
Grievances concerning religion & culture
Stay away from Western ideas and ideals
U.S. constant intervention in Middle East since 1970s until today which is why bin Laden formed al Qaeda—to get US out of Middle East

17. Activity:
Defining Moment
Superpower

18. War on terrorism WMDs---there were none
al Qaeda & Hussein—truthfully they were enemies
Manipulation of evidence & misleading public
Invasion of Iraq—undermined economy & social welfare system
Iraq has 10% of world oil reserves

19. Policy up to 2000 Isolationism to War with Spain 1898
Isolationism & Imperialism to WWI—Lusitania
Isolationist to WWII—Pearl Harbor 1941
Containment to End of Cold War
With the Cold War over in 1992, the U.S. had to redefine its role in the world.
Nation-building to September 11, 2001
Upholding international order
Nipping aggression in the bud—respond to aggression
America’s “credibility” as a superpower

20. Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda directly responsible for the 9-11 attack on World Trade Center towers in New York
Taliban government supported al Qaeda & bin Laden in Afghanistan
US overthrew Taliban and freed Afghanistan
Bin Laden escapes in mountains and US pursues him and his al Qaeda forces in the region