1. “Paleoherbs”
Magnoliids
Eudicot Clade
2) Magnoliaceae
Monocot Clade
1) Nymphaeaceae
Flowering Plant Ancestor

2. 17) Ranunculaceae
Caryophyllid Clade
24) Viscaceae
Rosid Clade
Asterid Clade
18) Papaveraceae
Eudicots (Tricolpates)

3. 45) Ericaceae
Asterids I
Asterids II
46 Sarraceniaceae
Asterid Clade (Sympetalae)

4. 46) Sarraceniaceae Pitcher-Plant Family Carnivorous (Insectivorous)
Herbaceous or subshrubby perennials
Leaves tubular or vase-like, usually partially filled with water and dead insects;
Flowers large, perfect, actinomorphic, usually pendulous
Style simple and in Sarracenia forming an umbrella-like structure with stigmatic surfaces on the upper side

5. Examples Sarraceniaceae
Sarracenia (purple pitcher plant) shown
Darlingtonia californica (cobra pitcher)

6. Sarracenia purpurea

7. Sarracenia minor – large peltate stigma

8. Sarracenia flava

9. Darlingtonia californica – cobra plant

10. Darlingtonia californica

11. 45) Ericaceae
Asterids I
Asterids II
46 Sarraceniaceae
Asterid Clade (Sympetalae)

12. 48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae)
Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae)
Lamiales Clade
47) Solanaceae
50) Rubiaceae
51) Gentianaceae
Asterids I

13. 47) Solanaceae Potato or Nightshade Family
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines
Various alkaloids present
Leaves alternate, often in pairs, the members of a pair both on the same side of the stem
Inflorescence determinate, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower, terminal but appearing to be lateral (sympodial)
Flowers actinomorphic, 5-merous; stamens 5, often connate, corolla broadly rotate to salverform, plicate
Ovary 2-locular, sometimes falsely divided again
Ovules numerous
Fruit a berry or capsule.

14. Examples Solanaceae Solanum (potato, eggplant, deadly nightshade)
Lycopersicum (tomato)
Nicotiana (tobacco)
Datura (jimsonweed)
Capsicum (cayenne, red, and green pepper, chili pepper)
Physalis (tomatillos)
Petunia

15. Lycopersicon esculentum

16. Lycopersicon esculentum

17. Solanum dulcamara

18. Datura stramonium

19. Physalis alkegengi – inflated calyx

20. Nicotiana tabacum

21. Petunia spp.

22. 48) Convolvulaceae Morning Glory Family
Usually twining and climbing herbs, roots sometimes storing starch
Milky latex often present, sometimes with alkaloids
Leaves alternate, simple, lacking stipules, often cordate in our range
Inflorescence determinate, terminal or axillary, often solitary flowers.
Flowers with fused corolla, subtended by bracts, perfect and regular
Petals often plicate, often convolute with a clockwise twist

23. Examples Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea (morning glory, sweet potato)
Convolvulus spp. (bindweed, trellisweed)
Calystegia sepium (bindweed)
Dichondra (ponyfoot)

24. Convolvulus incanus

25. Calystegia sepium

26. Ipomea pes-caprae

27. Ipomea purpurea

28. 49) Cuscutaceae (now included in Convolvulaceae)
Dodder Family
Parasitic herb
Leaves reduced to minute scales
Stem forming numerous small suckers (haustoria) that grow into the host tissue
Chlorophyll almost totally lacking;
Stems cord-like, often yellowish

29. Examples Cuscutaceae
Cuscuta (dodder)

30. Cuscuta spp.