1. Anti-Infectants
Part 1 of 2

2. Bacteriostatic vs. Bactericidal
Allows the body’s natural defense mechanisms to have time to destroy microorganisms by inhibiting bacterial growth.
Bactericidal
Kills the bacteria.

3. Antibacterials
Usually these are bactericidal and they are not synthesized from microorganisms.
Side effects: photosensitivity
Example
VoSol (Acetic Acid)
Class
Group 1
Group 2
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90

4. Urinary Anti-infective
Concentrated in the urine and are used to treat Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).
Pyridium is used along with Macrobid to treat the pain associated with a UTI. This drug will discolor the urine making it orange/brown.
Brand
Generic
Macrobid/Macrodantin
Nitrofurantoin
Pyridium
Phenazopyridine

5. Antibiotics Prevents bacteria from growing.
These can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal and are grown/synthesized from microorganisms.
Usually these are taken on an empty stomach (one hour before or two hours after a meal) for proper absorption.
Should be taken for the entire course of therapy.

6. Penicillin Antibiotics
Side effects: Nausea/Vomiting, allergy
Brand
Generic
Pen-VK
Penicillin
Amoxil
Amoxicillin
Amcill
Ampicillin
Dynapen
Dicloxicillin

7. Cephalosporin Antibiotics
1st generation: Moderate spectrum and are effective in treating skin and soft tissue infections and strep throat.
Side effects: Nausea/Vomiting, allergy.
2nd generation: have a greater spectrum. These are useful in the treatment of upper and lower Respiratory Tract Infections, sinusitis, and ear infections.
Brand
Generic
Ceclor
Cefaclor
Cefzil
Cefprozil
Brand
Generic
Keflex
Cephalexin
Duricef
Cefadroxil

8. Cephalosporin Antibiotics continued…
3rd generation: have an even broader spectrum of activity
4th generation: are extended spectrum agents. Many cross the blood brain barrier so they are effective in treating meningitis.
Brand
Generic
Omnicef
Cefdinir

9. Quinolone Antibiotics
Note that antacids decrease the absorption and should be given 2-4 hours apart. Also, caffeine elimination is reduced.
Side effects: GI upset and headache
Avelox is considered a drug of last resort.
Brand
Generic
Cipro
Ciprofloxacin
Floxin
Ofloxacin
Levaquin
Levofloxacin
Avelox
Moxifloxacin

10. Macrolide Antibiotics
Side effects: GI upset, diarrhea
Brand
Generic
EryTab
Erythromycin
Zithromax
Azithromycin
Biaxin
Clarithromycin

11. Tetracycline Antibiotics
Note that these bind to Calcium products (dairy). Also, these cause photosensitivity and those taking these should use protection when exposed to sunlight.
Brand
Generic
Achromycin
Tetracycline
Vibramycin
Doxycycline
Minocin
Minocycline

12. Misc. Antibiotics
Vancocin or Vancomycin: Used in serious or severe infections not treatable with other antimicrobials.
Cleocin or Clindamycin: Used in serious Respiratory and GI infections
Bactrim or Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim:
Flagyl or Metronidazole: Should not be taken with alcohol.