1. THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS
The Standard of Competency:
Understanding concepts of growing and developing of plants, animals, and human
The Basic Competency:
Understanding concepts of growing and developing of plants
SMK N 1 JEPARA

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OBJECTIVE
The students are expected to be able to describe differences of growing & developing, reproduction and its dispersal of plants.
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DEFINITIONS
Growth or grow means an increasing incident of volume which covers the increase of the number of cell, cell volume, kinds of cell and substances of cell that is irreversible.
Development is a process that is parallel to growth. Development can be defined as a process that leads to maturation and can not be measured.
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4. MERISTEM TISSUES OF PLANT
1. Growing point :
It happen in root and stem ends and make plants higher and loonger. It is called primary growth.
There are 2 theories of growing point::
a. Histogen Theory stated by Hanstein. Consist of:
- Dermatogen,
- Periblem,
- Plerom,
b. Tunika Korpus Theory stated by Schmidt. Consist of:
- Tunika,
- Korpus,
2. Vessel Cambium (between xilem dan floem). Makes plants grow wider, it is called secondary growth.
3. Sponge Cambium (felogen) the growth goes outside to form sponge cells (felem) instead of broken epidermis. This is to cover surface and go inside making living feloderm of cell. There is a cleft among sponge cells that is as a place where the air comes in and it is called cell lenti.
4. Perisikel (perikambium) ia a tissue which functions to form branches of root and stem.
5. Stem Parenkim
Anatomy of tree
(Campbell, 1997).
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5. INFLUENCIAL FACTOR OF GROWTH
Table. Nutrition needed by plants
1. Nutrition fertilizer influence plant growth (see picture). E.g, nutrition needed by plants are shown in the table.
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Picture 1. The differences of growth in corn. Plant has enough nitrogen (left). Deficiency of nitrogen elements (right) (Campbell, 2006).
Picture 2. Leaf condition (a) normal leaf, (b) nitrogen deficiency, (c) phosphate deficiency, (d) potasium deficiency (Campbell, 2006).
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Gen is the carrier factors of nature that are owned by all creatures, both plants and animals.
Environment around plants:
Temperature: plants can live well in optimum temperature
Light, at green leaved plants, the light is regnited for photosynthesis.
Water o r moisture is needed by plants for the growth.
Growing substance (hormone) can influence the growth of certain organs.
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8. KINDS OF GROWING SUBSTANCES
Auksin is indl asetat cmpound and its combination, found in enlonging plant ends. Functins of auksin:
Stimulating cell enlonging
Stimulating growing plants
Stimulating the forming of fruits without pollination called partenokarpi.
Bending stem
Stimulating lateral & fibrous root
Stimulating the split of vessel cambium
Making differential cells xylem
Increasing the development of flower and fruits.
Apical domination (obstructing the growth of side shoof/ arnynt)
Picture. (Campbell, 2006).
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Giberelin, was found in giberella fujikuroi (a kind of parasitic moss in rice plant). Function of giberelin:
Stimulating cambium activities
Causing plants in bloom faster
Enlarging fruits
Influencing embryo growth
Obstructing seed forming
Stimulating the forming of pollen line and flowers.
Breaking seed dormant and side bud.
Picture The effects of giberelin wards fruit growth.
(Campbell, 2006).
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lanjutan …
Sitokinin
Sitokinin function to:
Stimulate the spilt of cell faster
Stimulate bud growing to the side
Stimulate the widening of leaf
Reduce apical domination
Control the forming of flower and fruit
Delay the falling of leaf, flower, and fruits by increasing food supply to those organs.
Picture. The effect of sitokinin toward leaf wideming.
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Kalin functions to stimulate the growth of certain organs. Based on organs affected, it is devided into:
Kaulokalin, functions to stimulate stem growth
Rhizokalin, functions to stimulate root growth
Fitokalin, functions to stimulate leaf growth
Anthokalin, functions to stimulate flower growth
Traumalin acid, functions to stimulate “kalus” growth of dicotil stem injured.
Absisat acid, functions to obstruct the growth in bad conditions so that the plant is in dormant condition.
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THANK YOU
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COMPILED BY:
SMK N 1 JEPARA
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