1. ELS - Writing
Lecture 1

2. Schedule today Practical information
Course outline: how does this class look like?
Evaluation criteria
Introduction to Writing

3. Practical information
Demaj, U. PhD Cand. Ghent Uni
Linguistic Landscape studies are my area of expertise – Linguistics & Sociolinguistics

6. BRUGES
Well, you know where this is

7. Practical information
Vjona Sylejmani Shabani is the new assistant
She will help you with the exercises

8. Course outline Course outline: what will we be doing?
The syllabus is a legal agreement between the teacher and the student (so look at it properly)
We will start from the basic theoretical components of writing (in terms of what writing is) to the realization of written texts – all of which will be done by means of exercises

9. Course outline Week 1: Introduction
Week 2 -3 will deal with Plagiarism
Plagiarism

10. PLAGIARISM (2 classes on that)
Plagiarism defined:
“the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own” (source: Google)

11. Plagiarism: examples - exercises
See texts with examples in handout 1
HOW DO WE AVOID IT?

12. Plagiarism Can be avoided by doing two things: Citation? Quotation?
What’s the difference?

13. Plagiarism 1) citation: when you use the idea of the author
2) quotation: when you use the exact words of the author
But, in either case, you have to refer to the author

14. Citation vs. Quotation Examples:
CITATION: The author explained clearly in his text that the reason why flowers aren’t pretty is because they remind them of her (Uknown author, unknown year)
QUOTATION:
“The woods are lovely, dark and deep, but I have promises to keep and miles to go before I sleep and miles to go before I sleep” (Frost 1922)

15. Course outline
Week 4 -6 will deal with the basics of paraphrasing and summarizing
DIFFERENCE?

16. Paraphrase
ORIGINAL: Rosa parts’ life spanned years of incredible change for black women
PARAPHRASE: Many lived through an era of liberating reform for black women because of Rosa Parks

17. Paraphrasing
= taking a set of facts and opinions and rewording them in a new form. It is important not to lose the original meaning – you are now expressing in your own words what was expressed in the original idea.

18. Summarizing

19. Summarizing
= taking a lot of information and creating a condensed version that covers the main points
Example Titanic (see next slide)

21. But first: What is a paragraph?
Course Outline
Week 6-9 will deal with the basics of writing a paragraph
This will be the hardest part of the course (even more difficult than writing an entire essay)
But first: What is a paragraph?

22. Paragraph defined
= a group of related sentences that discuss one main idea. A paragraph can be as short as a sentence (but usually never is, life isn’t that easy ) or as long as 10 sentences.
Writing a paragraph is the hardest thing you will learn.
WHY?

23. Because…

24. Because…
You learn the basics of a text. By knowing how to write a paragraph, you will know how to write a letter, a report, an article or even an entire book.
There are three elements in every decent paragraph:
Topic sentence: what is it about?
Supporting sentences: develop the topic sentence – they explain or prove the topic sentence by giving more info about it
Concluding sentence: signals the end of he paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember

25. Course outline
Week 10 – week 14 will deal with you actually writing an entire essay
WHAT IS AN ESSAY?

26. Essay
Definition: short piece of writing on a particular topic
There are four types of essays:
Expository
persuasive
Analytical
argumentative
Paragraph level
ESSAY level

27. Essay types explained
Expository: The writer’s explanation of a short theme, idea or issue to an intended audience.
Analytical: You report the analysis, examination and interpretation of such things such as research but also events, books, art, etc.
Persuasive: You try to convince the reader to adopt your position on an issue or point of view,
Argumentative: You prove that your opinion or hypothesis of an issue is correct or more truthful than those of others.

28. Persuasive vs. argumentative?
An argumentative essay is concerned with proving the theory/ the argument which is different than mainstream arguments/theories
A persuasive essay is interested in the audience and getting them on board with your opinion (think – columnists)